Research On Routing Algorithm With Residual Node Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a new technology of information acquisition and processing. It includes the sensor technology, embedded technology, wireless networks communication technology, distributed information processing technology and MEMS(micro-elect-mechanical systems)technology, and can be able to monitor, apperceive and collect the information of the environment or monitoring objects real-timely. Through the information processing by embedded system and multi-hop relay of self-organized networks, it sends information to terminals and thus implements the concept of Computation Everywhere. With the development and commonly application, WSN will bring deeply influence and make a great contribution to people's life and industry.As WSN usually consist of a large number of intensive sensor nodes, and the node energy, computing power and bandwidth are all very limited, traditional wireless routing protocols are not suitable for WSN. So designing a routing protocol which can effectively save energy and prolong network life-cycle has become a focus of the study for WSN.In this paper, firstly, the existing WSN routing protocols are classified and comparatively studied, and then a targeted selection of a typical sub-cluster-style routing protocol-LEACH protocol is made for the study. It also analyzes the drawback of LEACH protocol, and then the protocol are improved in the selection of optimal number of cluster heads, inter-cluster communication, the selection principle and distribution of cluster head nodes. The improved LEACH protocol can enchance the selection criteria of cluster heads and distribute cluster head nodes more evenly so as to avoid excessive energy consumption of a single node.Secondly, it introduces the concept of residual nodes and analyzes the LEACH simulation results, the distribution and energy of residual nodes when the first node in the death. Having nodes with residual energy as the residual node, it also analyzes the threshold of residual nodes and the impacts of number selected modes on WSN life-cycle.Finally, the residual nodes are added into the improved LEACH algorithm via the random selection of energy threshold. The performance of the protocol on the MATLAB simulative platform shows that adding residual nodes can effectively extend the life cycle and improve the efficiency of the network.