Research On A Clustering-based Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

After decades of rapid development, the wireless sensor network (WSN) has been appliedto all aspects of society, and there will be more potential to be developed, therefore, it isimportant to conduct research on WSN. Due to the disadvantages of wireless sensor network,such as the restricted resources and the amount of nodes, researching on the WSN routingprotocol has been one of the cores in the field of wireless sensor network. The aim ofdesigning routing protocol for wireless sensor network is to improve the energy efficiency andprolong the lifetime of the network. Experiments show that the clustering routing protocol forwireless sensor network is one of the most effective ways to achieve the goals.At present, a number of clustering routing protocols have the problems of high energyconsumption, so in this paper, we proposed an energy-efficient clustering routing protocol forwireless sensor networks based Fuzzy C-Means, and this protocol is referred to EECRP. Thedesign idea of this protocol is completing clustering for wireless sensor network by usingFuzzy C-Means, and in this paper, the protocol is aim to deal with the unevenly andrandomly distribution of clusters, and then prolong the lifetime of network. In theimplementation of the EECRP, firstly, the protocol improved the initial clustering centers andthe clustering objective function. Secondly, improving the mechanism of cluster head electionbased on centralized control mechanism through introducing the energy threshold. Finally,establishing inter-cluster communication based on the residual energy, the relative positionof nodes and the number of member nodes. In this paper, EECRP and the other routingprotocols, such as LEACH, C-FCM and so on has been simulated through MATLAB platform,and the experiment shows that EECRP can be more effectively prolong the lifetime ofwireless sensor network, and more effectively reduce the consumption of sensor nodes.To further extend the lifetime of the network and improve the problems which there hasexisted "hot zone" in WSN for clustering routing protocol, this article proposed a grid-baseduneven clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. This protocol is designed tobuild a fixed non-uniform clustering structure, and its aim is to change the twice clusterelection mechanism, reduce the energy consumption of nodes where are distributed in “hotzone”, and prolong the lifetime of the entire network. Firstly, the protocol divided the networkinto different layers based on unequal hierarchies. Secondly, calculating the optimal numberof cluster heads according to the energy consumption of each layer, and dividing each layerinto different clusters according to the optimal number of cluster heads. Thirdly, choosing thecluster head base on the centroid coordinates and the energy of nodes through centralizedcontrol mechanism, so this mechanism has changed the twice election mechanism of EECU.Finally, this protocol applied hierarchical routing mechanism to complete building thetransmission link based on distance threshold. This paper has used MATLAB platform to simulate the GBUCR, LEACH, EECU and so on about lifetime and energy consumption, theresults showed that GBUCR can prolong the lifetime of network, reduce the energyconsumption of clusters, and extend the lifetime of nodes where distributed in “hot zone”compared with EEUC.