Uneven Zoned Multi-hop Uneven Clustering Routing Algorithm (UZMCRA) For Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor network (Wireless Sensor wants WSNs) is a hot research field in recent years. It provides a new method for information acquisition and monitoring management, and realizes the people and nature remote interaction. Compared with the traditional network and Ad Hoc network, wireless sensor networks has some new features, so the network routing protocol design is also different from the traditional wireless network and Ad Hoc nets. Now, researchers have studied many kinds of routing protocol used in different application environment. Among them, LEACH protocol is a typical clustering algorithm designed for the development of wireless sensor network, is a focus research point in WSNs'protocol.Firstly, this paper introduced the concept, the characteristics and the development history of wireless sensor network, and then introduced the routing protocol's concept, characteristic and the technical challenges facing in wireless sensor network. And some typical routing protocols have been classifiedly reviewed, and then protocols'advantages and defects are analyzed and compared. This paper studied the LEACH protocol principle and its improved protocols, analyzes the existing insufficiency, especially "hotspots" problem in WSNs.To solve energy limitation and "hot-spot" problems in Wireless Sensor Network, in this article, based on the LEACH protocol and its improved algorithm, proposes a new Uneven Zoned Multi-hop Uneven Clustering Routing Algorithm(UZMCRA). First, we divides a network monitored area into zones of different widths. On this basis, this protocol optimizes the size of cluster by using the optimal cluster radius. The cluster size grows gradually as the distance between cluster head and SINK node increases. The simulation results shows that UZCMR can balance the energy consumption, reduce the 'hot-spot" phenomenon and extends the life-cycle significantly compared with LEACH and EEUC.