Research On Clustering Routing Protocol Based On Bionic Intelligent Algorithm In Wireless Sensor Network

WSN consists of a large number of low-cost micro sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. It is a multi-hop ad hoc network formed by intra-node wireless communication. The energy resources of WSN are limited, for the batteries are used for its energy supply and can’t be replaced after deployment. Therefore, how to improve the utilization of limited energy to extend the lifetime of networks have always been the design concerns of wireless sensor network. The design of the routing protocol and topology structure will affect the lifetime of the WSN. The routing protocols should be energy efficient, scalable, roubst and converging quickly. The topology structure should be use energy efficiently to prolong the lifetime of the WSN under the circumstances of good network connectivity and coverage.In this paper, after analyzeing the problem faced in WSN routing protocol design, algorithms are proposed based on swarm intelligence with characteristics of distributed, self-organized and easy to realize. The algorithms include the clustering algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and inter-cluster routing algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). Clustering is a kind of NP optimization problem in topology design. In this paper, a clustering algorithm based on PSO is proposed, which takes the remaining energy of nodes, cluster heads distribution and cluster structure into consideration, and balances the load effectively, postpones the death of node and guarantees the data communication with Base Station (BS). Then according to the clustering result made by the clustering algoritm, an inter-cluster routing algorithm is proposed based on ACO with the characteristics of robust, scalabe and non-central control, which takes the remaining energy of nodes, inter-cluster distance and the distance between cluster head and BS into consideration to design probability transfer rules and pheromone update rules. In the algorithm, data are sent in multi-hops from cluster heads to BS and the load of the cluster heads which are close to the BS is reduced according to some mechanisms, all of the above postpone the death of nodes and make the network live longer. At last, the paper combines the clustering algorithm and inter-cluster routing algoritm together to make up a clustering routing protocol based on bionic intelligence algorithm in WSN, and makes some experiments to compare the performance with the LEACH protocol. The experimental results show that the routing protocol postpones the death of nodes, balances the load and makes the network live longer under the circumstance of sacrificing the convergence speed.