The Research And Improvement Of LEACH Protocol In Wireless Sensor Network

The wireless sensor network is the self-organized Network that it is made up ofsome sensor nodes with induction and communication function. The wireless sensornetwork is the product of the development of multiple techniques such as sensortechnology, communication technology, the computer technology, etc. Because of thecharacteristics of sensor nodes’ energy supply, the energy efficient technology isalways the important research field of wireless sensor network. The main energysaving approaches has improving hardware design and optimizing software, andnetwork routing protocol is the most important part of software optimization. Atpresent, the researchers at home and abroad do thorough research network routingprotocols and put forward a lot of optimization algorithms. But most of theoptimization algorithms focus on the energy saving in the phase of the datatransmission, the research on energy consumption of message switching is less in theprocess of clustering. In the phase of data transmission, a part of scholars haveproposed multi-hop transport based on ant colony, but few bring energy forecastmethod to research. The new algorithm will mainly improve the cluster-head electionmethod and cluster head data transmission.This paper briefly introduces the wireless sensor network routing protocol. Itchooses the typical clustering routing protocol LEACH as the research object,discusses the principle, characteristics and the insufficiency, and especially analyzesthe energy consumption in process of the clustering. And on this basis an improvedprotocol with energy consumption is proposed in this paper. The main research:First, the new method of threshold of the clustering is proposed. The probabilityof nodes elected as cluster-head is increases if it has more energy and close to Sink.The weight factor of energy and distance is introduced in the new algorithm. It canadjust the proportion of energy and distance in the threshold calculation.Then, the new protocol has modified the cluster head generation mechanism. Itcombined with cluster-head election in the whole network and in the cluster, so that thetime of cluster-head election is reduced and the energy consumption in the process ofcluster-head election is lower. Multiple hop transmission among the cluster-heads hasbeen used in the new protocol. Cluster-head choose the next hop based on ant colonyprinciple. A mechanism of energy forecast is introduced in the ant colony algorithm. So, it has avoided the optimization path being too centralized and reduced the networkenergy consumption through the short distance multi-hop transmission.At last, this paper has comparative analysis in LEACH protocol, SEP protocol andthe improved protocol through the simulation of Mat lab. The simulation resultsshowed that the improved protocol was effective to reduce energy consumption,proportionate the network load and prolong the network life.