Oil Well Remote Monitoring System Based On Wireless Sensor Network Design

In the process of oil production, we need to monitor the key parameters of the pumping unit to ensure that it is safe, reliable and can efficiently work. The data that collected in traditional remote monitoring system of oil well is transmitted through the cable or mobile communication base station, it has some problems such as high cost, low flexible, not wide coverage and other issues. With the development of wireless sensor network, it has many advantages such as the low cost, low power consumption and Ad Hoc network, and gradually becomes an important research topic in remote monitoring system of oil well.Dynamometer card is a important method to analysis and diagnosis the pumping unit system working condition. Dynamometer card drawing needs two parameters that are the load of hanging point and displacement, so at first this paper models for the pumping unit device and analyses the law of polished rod, and has studied the dynamometer card characteristic. On the basis of modeling, this paper has designed the acquisition circuit and completed the load and displacement measurement.In order to draw dynamometer card and considering the node data transmission, this paper has designed the dynamometer including load sensor, acceleration sensor and wireless transmission module. It can be very simple and convenient to acquire the data of load and displacement, then completes transmission and processing. Dynamometer hardware platform including sensor data acquisition module, wireless communication module, and peripheral interface circuit, etc.Wireless communication module uses two ways, the first is to adopt CC2430which works in2.4GHz, the second is to adopt CC1020which works in433MHz.In order to ensure sensor data accurate and real-time transmission and realize the communication not only between nodes and dynamometer, but also dynamometer and PC.System software design completes node driver design and the design of wireless communication protocol in the basis of ZigBee protocol stack.Considering energy of all nodes is limited because of battery power supply. We hope to lower power consumption, reduce times of node replacement and extend the network life, so routing algorithm of the wireless sensor network energy has been studied. Firstly this paper has done some research on the classical LEACH algorithm and DEUCC algorithm, then proposed R-M-DEEUC algorithm based on reputation mechanism and markov chain. This algorithm can ensure that the candidate cluster head nodes reputation value, and forecast the nature of the node by markov chain the next moment. Finally the simulation results show that: Compared to the DEUCC algorithm, R-M-DEUCC algorithm can further reduce the energy consumption of WSN and extend the service of life of the network.The dynamometer system has been tested in laboratory and oil field, the experimental results show that the system can complete data collection and transmission reliably, and monitor the parameters of oil well real-time. It can display dynamometer card of pumping unit in PC. It has many advantages such as stable performance, low cost, high reliability etc. It can adapt to the bad environment of oil field, so it has a certain value and a broad prospect of application.