Design Of Household Electrical And Water Equipments Monitoring System Based On Single-point Sensing

With the continuous improvement of living standards, the production of householdelectrical appliances around the smart home concept more and more penetrated intopeople’s daily lives. Smart Home refers to the use of sensor technology, wireless networkcommunication technology, automatic control technology, which is designed to providepeople with a safety, convenience, comfort and environmental friendly and energy-savingliving environment. Especially for the current global energy-crisis environment, how toachieve an efficiently energy-using, green living environment has became the hot spots ofcurrent research in the field of smart home, but also an urgent problem needed to be solved.Household water and electricity are the two main energy consumption, the watermeter and meter (including the smart water meters and smart meters) can only provide theuser with an overall power consumption picture. If we can get information of the householdwater and electricity consumption picture to the single-device level, including the status ofeach electrical equipment, occupancy percentage of total household electricity consumption;for water equipment, the information of water consumption for each equipment, andwhether there is a fixed mode of water consumption, each device in the percentage of thetotal water consumption, all of those will be very useful. Not only allowing the userinformed of power consumption in a single device level, a thorough and detailedunderstanding. Also able to provide the user with a more reasonable and effective waterand electricity consumption recommendations to achieve the purpose of water conservationand energy saving, it will be promotion. Further data mining will provide the perceptionsimilar to household behavior detection and a function of elderly care. Thus technology ofgetting information of domestic water, electricity usage is worthy of further study.Domestic research in this area is basically non-existent.Based on the above discussion, the article describes the specific application of a technologycalled ’single-point sensing’ in the area of domestic water, electrical equipment monitoring. This technique is a process that takes advantage of the method of single-point access intosense objects, the use of advanced data mining and signal processing algorithms to achievethe perception of object features, attributes to understand. In this paper, data collection,characterization, prototyping, system validation steps were done to realize a prototypemonitoring system for water and electrical equipment. The final experimental results showthat the design of the prototype system has higher accuracy and stability, showing thepractice of single-point sensing technique in this field is feasible.For the power consumption monitoring system, we use the fact that90%of the currentfamily electrical equipments using switching mode power supplies(SMPS) as a secondarypower supply, and switching mode power supplies emitting electro-magneticinterference(EMI) at work, to design a high-speed sampling system front with a high-passfilter sensor device and the NI ELVIS II analog to digital conversion equipment to do thetask of real-time sampling, and using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and aseries of data processing algorithms such as kNN pattern recognition algorithm as the coreto real-time analysis of the sampling data for monitoring frequency domain changes of thepower line electro-magnetic interference signals to get the basic purpose of the monitoringof electrical equipment event, combined with the power consumption information of eachdevice, we achieve a comprehensive, real-time monitoring of equipment. We finally layoutthe prototype system into two type families to validate the system, the results prove that thesystem we designed is effective.For water monitoring system, we use the same design method, the fact that we use isas follows, domestic water network is a closed loop network, the water pressure is keptconstant in the pipeline in the absence of water behavior, when a water-using behaviorhappens, it will produce pressure fluctuation phenomenon called ’water pressure oscillation’.This pressure fluctuation is specific for device, that is, the pressure fluctuation waveform ofeach device is unique. Based on the above facts, we designed a set of sampling equipment,combined with a series of processing algorithms, pattern matching filter detectionalgorithm as the core to complete the design of the prototype system to realize the purposeof monitoring water equipment, on this basis, we use Poiseuille law to complete the estimation of water consumption for the single device, the final validation results show thatthe estimation of water usage and behavior-monitoring have reached the designrequirements, and also proves the feasibility of single-point sensing method from side.In this paper, water and electrical equipment monitoring method based on asingle-point sensing theory has the following characteristics:First, the hardware is simple and easy to install, compared to previous design ideabased on distributed sensor network, the single-point sensing method has the low-cost,simple and easy maintenance features, especially for the family applications, the less theinstallation of equipment to ensure the more security of home life.Second, when monitoring the water and electricity events, we have added the devicepower consumption evaluation function which is electrical equipment power calculationand estimation of water-using, these two functions for the actual environment are verymeaningful, in the follow-up study, we will focus on water estimation.Third, we lay out the prototype system in the real family environment, especially forelectricity monitoring system, arrangement of multiple families to verify the robustness ofthe prototype system. Most of the previous monitoring system is designed in a labenvironment, and can only complete the verification function of the theory. But these twosubsystems have high accuracy and stability.After the two prototype systems design process and verification, we can consider thesingle-point sensing method for electricity and water monitoring is feasible, selecting theappropriate sensors and data acquisition devices, running efficient data processingalgorithms to achieve the ultimate commercial product is feasible, and the very significantcost advantages will have a strong competitive edge, so it will play a strong role inpromoting of smart home and energy-saving environment-friendly family life.