Study On Bird Community Diversity And Its Conservation Management In Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve

Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Ar Horqin banner, chifeng city of the Inner Mongolia. It is southern mountain of great hinggan range, a transition from forest to grassland area. In July 2012 to January 2015, from the wetland, forest and grassland habitat choose 14 lines to investigated birds community diversity.Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve has been finding out 17 orders,47 families,105 genera and 203 species of birds. In this survey, recorded to 132 species of birds, belong to 15 orders,40 families and 85 genera. There were 3 species of national first level protected birds,22 species of national second level protected birds; 13 species of endangered birds which is recorded in the China Red Book of Endangered Animals; 20 species included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora; 8 species listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species, a total of 33 species of rare and endangered birds. Passeriformes is the most species in reserve of birds, followed by charadriiformes, anseriformes and the falconiformes. The regions’s birds were main composed of summer resident and travelers. Palaearctic birds play important roles in flora composition, distribution typeis simple in the breeding birds.Wetland, forest and grassland habitats were recorded 88,56 and 43 species birds, accounting for 66.67%,42.42% and 32.58% of the total records. According to the birds species, diversity index and the total number of state key protected birds, put forward different wetland, forest and grassland protection priority.4 kinds of different wetland habitats protection priority were Ⅰ 3> Ⅰ 2> Ⅰ 4>Ⅰ1; 6 kinds of different forest habitats protection priority were Ⅱ2>Ⅱ6>Ⅱ1>Ⅱ4>Ⅱ3>Ⅱ5; 4 kinds of different grassland habitats protection priority were Ⅲ1>Ⅲ3>Ⅲ4>Ⅲ2; Comparison between different habitat found that protection priority were Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ.Survey of the quantity of species concluded that the quantity in spring had the highest number, followed by autumn, summer and winter. Spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively recorded 94,53,77and 18 species. Spring birds are the most abundant in May, and having the most concentrated distribution; There were very few species in the summer.Some birds, like summer and migrants will stay behind; During the end of September to the early of October, the migratiing birds will peak the gap, the number of individual species was a lot; In the Winter, a lot of resident birds and a few winter resident will live on the distribution of the nature reserve, it is small kinds of species.Comparing the data with 2001-2003 and 2012-2015,1 orders,1 family,7 genera and 22 species were add to the nature reserve,2 orders,7 families,20 genera and 71 species would be reduced (or not recorded). The G-F diversity index in 2001- 2003 is 0.0219 higher than 2012-2015. Survey records in 2001-2003 to 36 species under special state protection, the survey recorded in the national key protection of 25 species, one of the new national key protection 4 species.27 kinds of bird’s residence type has changed.