Study On The Characteristics Of Bird Communities And Its Conservation Management In Ar Horqin National Nature Reaerve

Ar Horqin Nature Reserve is located in Ar Horqin Banner, Chifeng City of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is a national conservation area which protecting sandy lake and rare birds. There are few reports about the birds here. From April2012to September2013, we invested and studied the birds in this protected area by Line Transect Method (LTM) and conducted a comprehensive and systematic diversity investigation for birds’composition、 population and diversity in different habitats、reproduction、seasonal and annual dynamics by Shannon-Wiener diversity index and G-F diversity index. The research make a great contribution to biology and ecology of birds protecting here and provied some scientific evidence and proposals for the protection and management of bird species in this conservation site.118bird species were recorded in this survey and they belong to72genera,36families and14orders respectively. There are2species of national first class protected birds,20species of second class protected birds,13species of endangered birds which is recorded in the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals,22species identified by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES),11species recognized by IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (except for the species of without risk and assessment),5threatened species of the world,64species identified in Protection Agreement between China and Japan as well as23species admitted in Protection Agreement between China and Australia in this conservation area. Non-passeriformes are mainly composed of waterfowl species and are more than Passseriformes in the composition.The reserve has5kinds of bird habitats, i.e. The watery, grassland, sandy, forest as well as village. Most of the species live in the watery land compared with the woodland and sandy area. The regional conservation priority is, according to the richness of summer bird population and national protected bird population in different areas of the reservation site, Har Chaolu>Ar Boleg>Dalha>Zhagstai>Wuher Chaolu>Tugrig>Hunt>Hahir. The evaluation of the functional areas’reasonableness and suggestions for the transformation of Har Chaolu and Dalha from a buffer zone to main area are determined by the survey on the basis of the conservation priority.This study record biological features of15species birds, such as nests、 nesting habitats and reproduction, ect. It will provide basic information to reproduction of the birds and scientific evidence to management of reproducted birds and their habitats.The study recore70species of waterfowl birds which contains32summer migrant birds and38passing migrant birds. During the period of investigation, we found that the number of spring waterfowl species, autumn waterfowl species as well as summer waterfowl species are56,48and45, and the ratio of these species in the waterfowl population are80%,68.57%and64.29%respectively. Obviously, the distribution of the waterfowl species is different over the seasonal variations of each year. The migration of the spring waterfowl species reached a peak over the period of the middle of April to the middle of May. The breeding season occurred during the period of the middle of May to the end of June. The autumn migration achieved a peak of species and quantities in the middle of September and in the first half of October respectively, and the autumn migration ended in the first half of November.During this investigation, we compared the G-F diversity index of population of birds in2002and2012in the protection site. As a consequence, the G-F diversity index in2002is0.0679higher than in2012. It is possible, over the past few years, the reduction of species is potentially related to the decrease of habitat area in this nature reserve.