Design And Application Of Hydrological Automatic Measuring And Reporting System For Yellow River Cross Section

This paper is an application research which follows the requirements of hydrological automatic measuring and reporting system in Yellow River. It is aided by two kinds of funding, one is Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of 2009 called "The Research for Application and Mechanism Method Used in Hydrological Information All-weather Environmental Automatic Monitoring Based on the Physical Property Difference of Air, Ice and Water"(Project Number:20091402110004), and the other is Outstanding Graduate Innovation Project in Shanxi Province of 2009 called "The Research of Remote Telemetry System for Hydrological Information and Ice Jams Disaster Based on GSM/GPRS "(Project Number:80010402100171).The Yellow River is the second largest river in China, and it is the birthplace of Chinese nation five-thousand-year civilization. However, it is said since the ancient time that "It is easy to defense the summer flood but hard to prevent the ice flood". And it is also said that "If the ice flood burst, the river officials has no guilty" Over the years, the ice flood disaster of Yellow River brought serious threats and considerable damage to people's lives and property along the river. Therefore, it is extremely important to achieve automatic measuring and reporting of Yellow River hydrological information, and to provide accurate, continuous information on river ice conditions to the State Ice-jam Flood Prevention Engineering.The author with group members consults a large amount of related information, does several scene researching and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages showed by a number of engineering applications of the "ice thickness sensor which is based on the difference in resistance among air, ice and water". The sensor is developed by the Institute of Measurement and Control Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology. Meantime, the original ice thickness sensor has been improved by combining GPRS mobile communication and ZigBee wireless technology, and a set of automatic measuring and reporting system used for acquisition of Yellow River hydrological information has been developed. The main thesis includes the following sections:1. Based on a lot of technical literature, we analyze and research the detection of ice thickness on the current situation at home and abroad in detail. In accordance with the actual conditions of the detection of Yellow River hydrological, we proposed the ice thickness sensor which is based on the measuring principle of difference in resistance among air, ice and water, which can Real-Time measure the inner state of ice, as the hydrological information sensor.2. We analyze and study the disadvantages of the original ice thickness sensors exposed in multiple engineering application, improve the physical structure and signal processing circuit of ice thickness sensor, increase the temperature gradient sensors as an aid in judging ice thickness, and make the R-T (Resistance-Temperature gradient) ice thickness sensor.3. In accordance with the design objectives of ice information automatic measuring and reporting system in The Yellow River, the intelligent processing device for the ice information automatic measuring and reporting system has been designed. We performed single-point automatic monitoring test using the new hydrological acquisition system in Yellow River cross section TouDaoGuai hydrological station in Inner Mongolia at December 2009-March 2010. In this testing time, we improved the algorithm of judging ice thickness, and then gated the hydrological data of Yellow River. It is realized hydrological data of Yellow River collection, processing, and wireless remote transfer.4. Based on the Yellow River field test, We studied the ZigBee wireless network technology and the data communication stack by combining the monitoring characteristics and needs, done network constructing preliminary research on the R-T ice thickness sensor in Yellow River, and presented the technical scheme for data transmission between ice thickness sensors on the Yellow River section based on ZigBee wireless network.The designed single-point hydrological automatic measuring and reporting system is installed successfully in Yellow River at TouDaoGuai in Inner Mongolia at the time of 2009/12, hydrological continuous and automatic monitoring experiment is first performed in freezing period. This system is running well on its way during testing time, can continuous and automatic measure, store and remote sending the hydrological information of single measure point in Yellow River. The hydrological data received by the monitoring center is identical basically with the man-measurement, so the hydrological automatic measuring and reporting system can meet design requirements. And a hydrological automatic measuring and reporting technical scheme based on ZigBee is explored for solving the hot potato of hydrological automatic measuring and reporting in a large area of river basin. However, through analyzing the mass data and the running status of scene equipment, some weaknesses are showed in system design, it helps us find the further work to this system.