Research And Implementation Of Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor network (WSN) is a research hotspot in present information technology field. It is used to cooperatively sense, collect and process the information of monitored objectives, which is ultimately transmitted to the aimed receivers. The main function of routing protocol is to transmit data packets from source nodes to destination nodes via wireless channel, which is a key technology in WSN. This thesis centers on the research of WSN clustering routing protocol and places special emphasis on design and implementation of the routing protocol which should meet design requirements. The main tasks are as follows:1. A clustering routing protocol called Energy Consumption Balancing Clustering Algorithm (ECBCA) has been proposed. ECBCA is an improved protocol of the classical clustering routing protocol LEACH. In ECBCA, different member nodes instead of cluster-heads transmit data to base station (BS) located far away, which can consume cluster heads less energy, slow down the frequency of re-clustering and finally reduce the extra overhead brought by re-clustering. The energy consumption models of the two protocols have been built in theory, the application conditions of ECBCA and LEACH have been seperately caculated, and the conclusion that ECBCA can save more energy than LEACH in practice has been deduced. The optimal number of cluster heads and the best selection mechanism of member nodes on duty in ECBCA have been discussed both in theory and experiments. Finally, simulation results have proved the energy efficiency of ECBCA.2. An energy efficient clustering routing protocol considering the sleep mechanism of sensor nodes called Improved Prim based MST Clustering Algorithm(IPMCA) has been proposed. For multi-hop network, a cluster-based routing protocol Energy-Saving Based Clustering (ESBC) has been investigated. In ESBC, the backbone network contains sink, cluster-heads and gateway nodes, while there are too many gateway nodes which makes the backbone network too large. Aimed at this problem, IPMCA constructs Minimal Spanning Tree(MST) containing all cluster heads with improved Prim algorithm, which can reduce gateway nodes and downsize backbone network so that more nodes can sleep and more energy can be saved. Simulations tells that IPMCA outperforms ESBC in constructing backbone network and saving energy.3. The implement of ESBC protocol and the system united test have been completed. All these protocols mentioned above have been analyzed and compared in different aspects, such as application environment, real-timing characteristic, time complexity, message complexity and energy efficiency. Considering the performance and feasibility of all these protocols as well as the project requirements, ESBC has been selected finally. The project with ESBC protocol has been tested in the embedded operation systemμC/OS-II. The test results demonstrate that all modules of the project function correctly and operate properly, self-networking of wireless sensor network, task assignment and data transmission have been completed well, which can meet the design requirement.Finally, the conclusion has been given in the last part of the article, which contains the shortcomings, the improvements needed, and the prospect for the future work.