Research On Energy-efficient Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

With the continuous progress of 5G communication technology,artificial intelligence technology and semiconductor technology,the Internet of Things has made great progress in recent years and has been gradually applied to various fields of social life,such as intelligent manufacturing and intelligent transportation.As a communication medium connecting the Internet of Things and the real world,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)collects data from the real environment and sends it to network end users to provide data support for their decision-making.A WSN is composed of a variety of small sensor nodes,which are limited in battery energy and storage resources,and are often placed in remote unmanned scenes.In this way,no matter charging or replacing batteries,they are faced with serious obstacles.Therefore,the network life cycle is severely restricted.At present,many researchers focus on the design of hardware,architecture,protocols and algorithms to effectively utilize node energy and extend the WSN life cycle as much as possible.According to the structural characteristics of the sensor,the communication unit needs to consume most of the energy.Therefore,routing technology has become a key factor for WSN to extend its life and is also the core research and improvement direction at this stage.Due to the high energy efficiency,easy management and high data transmission efficiency of the clustering routing protocol,this paper will design and study the clustering routing protocol from the three aspects of cluster head selection,node clustering and inter-cluster communication.The main work is as follows:1.Aiming at the problems of high node energy consumption rate,short network life cycle and weak communication ability in the traditional hierarchical clustering protocol LEACH for WSN,an energy-efficient improved LEACH protocol is proposed.First of all,the residual energy of the node,the number of neighbors and the distance between the node and the base station are taken into account comprehensively,and the true probability of the node as the cluster head is calculated,so as to optimize the cluster head election threshold.Secondly,the nodes calculate the cost function according to the energy of the cluster head,the number of neighbors and the distance between them,so as to determine the cluster head scientifically.Finally,according to the distance between the cluster head and the base station,the cluster head communicates with the base station by single hop or multiple hop to reduce the energy consumption of the cluster head.Compared with LEACH,DEEC and H-Leach,the proposed protocol extends the network life cycle by 61%,42.6% and 14.2% respectively,and the amount of data received by the base station is also greatly improved compared with the other three protocols.2.Aiming at the problems such as unbalanced energy consumption in wireless sensor networks and premature death of nodes near base stations,a non-uniform clustering routing protocol based on fuzzy logic was proposed.In this protocol,fuzzy inference system and competition mechanism are used to select cluster heads,and competition radius is used to control the size of cluster.Each node can deduce its competition radius according to the energy,node degree and distance of the base station,and then combine the number of nodes within the competition radius,centrality and its own residual energy to deduce its chance of becoming cluster head.Finally,based on the chance value of cluster head,it can decide whether to become cluster head or not by competing with other nodes.After the cluster is formed,the cluster head routes the aggregated data to the base station by single hop or multiple hop according to the distance factor.Simulation results show that the proposed protocol improves the "hot spot" problem in the network,effectively reduces and balances the energy consumption of each node,and extends the network life cycle.