Research And Design Of Energy-efficient Clustering Routing Protocol Based On Geographical Information

WSN (Wireless sensor network) is a novel network which integrates sensors, embedded computation, distributed information processing and wireless communication, and it has tremendous research value and application potential in military field and civil field. The network's energy resource is limited and usually has no complement, so routing design for WSN requires as energy-saving as possible.This paper analyses some of the existing routing protocols for WSN, and designs a new routing protocol named GEECR which is a geographical energy-efficient clustering routing protocol. GEECR has two stages which are network initialization and stable operation. In the stage of network initialization, the monitoring area is divided into clusters, the cluster heads are generated by election, and all the cluster heads'routing tables are established. In the stable operation stage, the cluster heads and their routing tables must be maintained.The monitoring area is clustered by its scope and the sensor nodes'geographical position in GEECR protocol, which makes the clusters well-distributed. The nodes'residual energy and the times of being cluster head are referenced when electing the cluster head, which has more balanced energy consumption about the nodes in the same cluster. Each cluster head communicates with the base station through the minimum-path multi-hop routing, which avoids the nodes leaving far away from the base station dying in advance because of energy exhausted, and this makes the whole network's energy consumption more balanced.The paper simulates GEECR with NS2 platform, and the simulation result indicates that GEECR has less energy consumption, balanced energy consumption in the whole network and longer lifecycle.