Study On Plants Diversity And Conservation In Hanma National Nature Reserve

Hanma National Nature Reserve Located in the north west slope of Daxinganling mountains Inner Mongolia.now,it is in the original state, in order to protect the plant diversuty better and provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive development of ecilogical in the future,this paper took the methods of flora analysis,biodiversity index analysis and rarity grades evaluation on plants to study the flora,plant diversity and vascular plants rarity grades and protection class.The main results are as follows.(1)468 species of vascular plants,belongs to 222genera and 88 families were recorded in the nature reserve.Included lichens,bryophytes,ferns and seed plants.The compositae plants was the most numbered species in vascular plants,it took 29 genera 41species;the second was the gramineous plants with 13 genera 39 species;the third was rosaceae and ranunculaceae plants,there were plants with 69 genera 149 species in the first 4 families.The were only 3 genera with species beyond 10,4 genera with species of 6～9,and 165 genera with species of 2～5;the single-species genera were 25 genera.The most abundant genera was carex,followed later were salix,potentilla,ranunculus,betula,Vicia and artemisia.(2)The 57 families can be divided into 8 types.Among them there were 24 worldwide distribution families,9 tropical families and 24 temperate families.The areal-types of the plants in Hanma took 10 out of 15 types in China.There were 18 distribution types and subtypes in Hanma.Among them there were 9 worldwide distribution species,125 sub-frigid-frigid species,269 temperate species and 11 tropical species.There was not specific plant species,the flora character was mainly the temperate zone.There were 414 seed plants in the nature reserve,according to the area that the plants distributed they can be divided into 29 types, according to the number of area that the composition species involved they can be divided into 5 types.There were 43 species of single-zone elements,92 two area common species,69 three area common species,96 four area common species and 114 five area common species.The results of comparative analysis between Hanma flora and surrounding areas showed that:the similarity of plant species between Hanma and Wuma is the highest,the similarity between Hanma and Mabula is second, the difference of plant species between Hanma and Saihanwula is the biggest.There are 4 basic features of the seed plants flora.First,the flora character are mainly the northern temperate,the old world temperate and the east siberia zone;Sscond, the plant composition has typical temperate;Third, the geographical component is complex and the geography link is extensive;four, the universality of plant composition is prominent,there is not endemic plant species of China.(3)The were 59 species of phaenerophyte,9 species of chamaephyte,286 species of hemicryptophyte,46 species of geophyte,14 species of annual plants; 29 species of xerophilous,12 species of hydronphyte,28 species of helophyte,107 species of hygrophyte and 238 species of mesophyte.(4)The vegetation has 4 vegetation type,8 sub-vegetation types,13 formation groups,14 formations and 24 ass.(5)The diversity index of plants had a series of grass layer>shrub layer>arbor layer in the forest vegetation community.Overall, the species richness index of major forest community was sorted as form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.>form Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.)>form Alnus mandshurica> form Betula.ermanii Chom.>form Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.;the Simpsion Index was sorted as form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.>form Alnus mandshurica> form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. >form Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.)>form Betula.ermanii Chom.;the species uniformity index was sorted as form Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.>form Betula platyphylla Suk. >form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.>form Betula.ermanii Chom.>form Alnus mandshurica> form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.; the Shannon index was sorted as form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Alnus mandshurica> form Betula ermanii Chom.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.The Results of the analysis showed that:the variation ofβdiversity between form Betula platyphylla Suk. and form Alnus mandshurica is the largestThe Sorenson index of the tree layer between the various communities was sorted as form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Betula platyphylla Suk.>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.-Betula.ermanii Chom.=Betula platyphylla Suk.-Betula.ermanii Chom.>form Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.=form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.=form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.-Alnus mandshurica=form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.=form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Alnus mandshurica=form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. =form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica=form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica= form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula.ermanii Chom.=form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula.ermanii Chom.= form Betula.ermanii Chom.-Alnus mandshuricaThe Sorenson index of the shrub layer between the various communities was sorted as form Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula.ermanii Chom.>form Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr.-Betula platyphylla Suk.>form Betula.ermanii Chom.-Alnus mandshurica>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Alnus mandshurica>form Larix gmelini(Rupr.) Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.=form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.=form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Alnus mandshurica>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula.ermanii Chom.=form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Betula.ermanii Chom.The Sorenson index of the herbaceous layer between the various communities was sorted as form form Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Alnus mandshurica>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.> form Betula platyphylla Suk.- Alnus mandshurica>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Betula ermanii Chom.>form Betula platyphylla Suk.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.-Alnus mandshurica>form Larix gmelini(Rupr.)Rupr.-Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula ermanii Chom.>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Betula ermanii Chom.>form Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.-Betula ermanii Chom.>form Betula ermanii Chom.-Alnus mandshurica>form Larix gmelini (Rupr.)Rupr.-Betula platyphylla Suk.(6)Among the plants 5 species were critically endangered,14 endangered,22 vulnerable,35 near endangered and 354 safty species.There were 8 species under class one protection,18 under class two protection,52 under class three protection and 349 under ordinary protection.(7)Protection measures:Strengthen the security system of laws and regulations; strengthens management intensity of the nature reserve;protect is the theme, focus on protection in the development process;employ scientific method to resume natural vegetation step by step; strengthen information dissemination,raise awareness of conservation;strengthen forest fire prevention actively,strengthen forestry pest control;beware of the environmental pollutionof the nature reserve and the surrounding areas, protection of plant habitat;think about the introduced plant species when introduction is necessary.(8)The ecotourism development should be in line with the principle of "protection of priority, taking into account the development", suggest to protect some plant species, vegetation types and habitatstrees with important value specially.