Study On Plants Diversity And Conservation In Saihanwula Nature Reserve Inner Mongolia

For the purpose of making management decision and establishing technical methods scientifically in Saihanwula Nature Reserve, this paper took the methods of flora analysis, biodiversity index analysis, and rarity grades evaluation on plants to study the vascular plants and their distribution pattern, response of degradation grassland to grazing prohibition, and vascular plants rarity grades and protection class. The main results are as follows.(1)There were 667 species of vascular plants, belong to 332 genera and 84 families, were recorded in the nature reserve. Among them there were 15 species of fern, belong to 11 genera and 8 families, and 5 species of gymnosperm, belong to 4 genera and 3 families, and 647 species of angiosperm, belong to 317 genera and 74 families. This area was considered as a new distribution spot for Betula ermanii in Inner Mongolia.The composite plants was the most numbered species in vascular plants, it took 93 species. The second was the gramineous plants with 72 species. There were 12 families with species beyond 15, and the single-species family were 28 families. The most abundant genera was Artemisia with 25 species. There were 15 genera belong to monotype genera world widely and 21 genera of oligotype genera. Under the national level 38 genera were monotype, 60 genera of oligotype. Under the regional level there were 36and 148 genera were oligotype and monotype genera respectively.(2)The areal-types of the plants in Saihanwula took 14 out of 15 types in China, and the plants species had 14 areal-types. The flora character was mainly the temperate zone with an influence of eastern Asia and pan-Mediterranean flora, and the effects of eastern Asia flora showed most evidently.The plant flora had a character of high species diversity, type immixture, eastern Asia species had a prominent position, grass impact intensified, flora younger, and transition stands out.The vascular plant flora had a tight relationship with that of the northern part of Xing-an, northern part of Yanshan Mountain and Yinshan Mountain. But it was influenced by Xilinguole grassland, and had some relations with Changbai Mountain. It showed out that this area is the middle tache connecting the northern part of Xing-an, northern part of Yanshan Mountain and Yinshan Mountain, and also is the bridge of transition from grassland to forest.There were 79 constructive and dominant plants species, belong to 14 types of geographical distribution pattern, among the 8 community types of forest, meadow, meadow-grassland, grassland, sandlot, halophyte, cropland weeds and other plants. The forest took a higher percentage than meadow and grassland which took in the second and third places.There were 79 species of phaenerophyte, 13 species of chamaephyte, 391 hemicryptophyte, 111 species of geophyte, 73 species of annual plants. And 2 species of hydrophyte, and 35 species of hygrophyte, and 469 species of mesophyte.(3)The vegetation had 5 vegetation type groups, 6 vegetation types, 10 sub-vegetation types, and 39 formations.The diversity index of plants had a series of grass layer > shrub layer > arbor layer in the forest vegetation community.The species richness index of major forest community was sorted as Form.community complex of forest>Form. Betula platyphylla>Form. Quercus mongolica>Form. Populus davidiana>Form. Ulmus macrocarpa>Form. Larix pricepis—ruprechtii>Form. Betula ermanii>Form. Crataegus pinnatifida>Form. Salix rorida>Form. Malus baccata>Form. Picea meyeri; The Shannon index of H'was Form.community complex of forest>Form. Betula platyphylla>Form. Quercus mongolica> Form. Populus davidiana>Form. Larix pricepis—ruprechtii > Form. Ulmus macrocarpa>Form. Picea meyeri>Form. Betula ermanii>Form. Crataegus pinnatiflda>Form. Malus baccata>Form. Larix pricepis—ruprechtii.The species richness index of major shrub community was sorted as Form. Salix viminalis> Form. Rhododendron dahuricum>Form. Rhododendron micranthum>Form. Lespedeza bicolor> Form. Rosa dahurica>Form. Ostryopsis davidiana>Form. Prunus sibirica>Form. Berberis poiretii >Form. Spiraea aquilegifolia; The Shannon index of H' was Form. Prunus sibirica>Form. Rhododendron micranthum>Form. Salix viminalis>Form. Rosa dahurica>Form. Berberis poiretii >Form. Rhododendron dahuricum>Form. Spiraea aquilegifolia>Form. Ostryopsis davidiana>Form. Lespedeza bicolor.The species richness index of major meadow and grassland community was sorted as Form. Sanguisorba officinalis,Artemisia lacinata>Form. Stipa baicalensis>Form. Leucopoa alba,polygonum viviparum>Form. Fillifolium sibiricum>Form. Stipa grandis>Form. Leucopoa alba>Form. Agropyron flagile; The Shannon index of H' was Form. Sanguisorba officinalis, Artemisia lacinat>Form. Fillifolium sibiricum>Form. Stipa baicalensis>Form. Leucopoa alba,polygonum viviparum > Form. Stipa grandis > Form. Leucopoa alba > Form. Agropyron flagile(4)The variation of β species diversity index of vascular plants had high relation with terrain at mountainous region, hill, sandlot and floodplain.The variation of the vegetational vertical distribution from the lowest band to the highest mountain peak was from grassland to valley shaw, Form. Ostryopsis davidiana and Rhododendron spp, Form. Populus davidiana, Form. Populus davidiana and Form. Betula platyphylla and Form. Betula platyphylla, Form. Betula platyphylla and Form. Picea meyeri, Form. Larix pricepis—ruprechtii and Form. Betula ermanii, Form. Leucopoa alba, sub-alpine meadow.Species abundance reduced with the increase of altitude, but the evenness increased with the altitude changes. The Simpson index was raised evidently, but the Shannon index reduced with the increase of altitude.The variation of β diversity index changed with the community variability at different altitudes, and it was higher at the vegetation dividing areas.(5)Among the plants 6 species were critically endangered, 22 endangered, 36vulnerable, 54 near endangered, and 549 safety species. There were 9 species under class one protection, 28 under class two protection, 61 under class three protection, and 569 under ordinary protection.(6)The index of community structure and diversity responded actively to grazing forbidden. The variation of dominance species, community productivity and ecological combination could be used to determine the nature of the vegetation restoration in monitoring the degradation grassland. The relative heights, density, coverage, important value, species biomass, community species abundance, evenness index, Simpson and Shannon index and community above ground biomass could be used as ration index in monitoring of community dynamics.