| Qichong National Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the northern part of Zhaoping County,Hezhou City.The reserve is close to the river bank of Guijiang River,which is the confluence area of Nanling Yanmai and Dayao Mountain.It is the key area of biodiversity protection in China.In order to find out the background of plant diversity in Qichong Nature Reserve,accumulate species-related specimens,photos,DNA materials and spatial distribution GPS data,and improve the protection and management ability,14 field investigations were organized and carried out with the support of related projects.2894 specimens were collected and more than 30,000 photos were taken.Based on the extensive field investigation and collection,the monitoring plots of some rare and endangered plants were established.On the basis of indoor specimen collection,identification and access to relevant information,the species diversity catalogue of vascular plants in Qichong Nature Reserve was completed,the floristic geography analysis was carried out,and the current situation and protection countermeasures of rare and endangered plants in the reserve were analyzed and evaluated.The findings are as follows:(1)A total of 1664 vascular plants(including subspecies)were recorded in Qichong Nature Reserve.Among them,1604 species of wild vascular plants belong to 660 genera and 191 families,including 153 species of ferns belonging to 66 genera and 35 families,6 species of gymnosperm belonging to 5 genera and 4 families,and 1445 species of angiosperm belonging to 589 genera and 152 families.(2)There are 153 species of ferns belonging to 66 genera and 35 families in Qichong Nature Reserve,accounting for 61.40%,41.51% and 17.77% of 861 species belonging to 159 genera and 57 families in Guangxi,respectively.The dominant families are Polypodiaceae,Aspleniaceae,Pteridaceae,Thelypteridaceae,Athyriaceae and Dryopteridaceae,including 80 species,accounting for 52.29% of the total number of ferns in this area;pteridophytes,fern,cypress,brachypteridophytes and fern are the dominant genera,including 44 species,accounting for 28.76% of the total number of ferns in this area.(3)A total of 1451 species of wild seed plants belonging to 594 genera and 156 families were recorded in Qichong Nature Reserve,including 6 species of gymnosperms belonging to5 genera and 4 families,and 1445 species of angiosperms belonging to 589 genera and 152 families.There are 4 families,5 genera and 6 species of gymnosperms,accounting for 2.56%,0.84% and 0.41% of the total families,genera and species of seed plants,respectively.There are only 6 species of gymnosperms,including Pinus massoniana,Dacrycarpus imbricatus var.patulus,P.neriifolius,Cephalotaxus hainanensis,Gnetum parvifolium and G.montanum.The angiosperms were dominated by Rubiaceae,Asteraceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae,Gramineae,Agrostidoideae,Papilionaceae,Orchidaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Rosaceae,Cyperaceae,Myrsinaceae,Lamiaceae,Moraceae,Urticaceae,Fagaceae,Liliaceae,Verbenaceae,Scrophulariaceae,Ericaceae,Polygonaceae,Araliaceae,Acanthaceae and Symplocaceae,with23 families,293 genera and 823 species,accounting for 49.75% and 56.96% of the total genera and species of angiosperms,respectively.Ficus,Eurya,Ardisia,Camellia,Carex,Symplocos,Litsea,Ilex,Rhododendron,Rubus,Machilus,Polygonum,Smilax,Castanopsis,Callicarpa,Dioscorea,Syzygium,Elaeocarpus and Cinnamomum were the dominant genera,with 19 genera and 291 species,accounting for 20.14% of the total number of angiosperm species.(4)Monospecific and oligospecific families and genera are the main components of flora in this area.There are 27 families of monophytic and oligophytic ferns(including 2?4 genera),accounting for 77.14% of the total families of ferns;there are 61 genera of single species and oligospecies(including 2?4 species),accounting for 92.42% of the total genera of ferns,respectively.There are 80 families in monospecific and oligospecific families(including 2?4genera)of seed plants,accounting for 51.28% of the total families of seed plants.There are525 genera in single species and oligospecies(including 2?4 species),accounting for 88.39%of the total genera of seed plants,respectively.(5)The flora of Qichong Nature Reserve is characterized by complex geographical components and typical humid subtropical monsoon climate.Pteridophyte flora from the family level,tropical and subtropical nature of the distribution of 24 families,accounting for96.0 % of the total number of Pteridophyte families(except the world widely distributed families);at the genus level,the tropical and subtropical genera of ferns are 47 genera,accounting for 95.92 % of the total genera of ferns(except the world wide genera).From the family level,82 families and 20 families were distributed in tropical and subtropical nature and temperate nature,respectively,accounting for 52.56% and 12.82% of the total families of seed plants,respectively.At the genus level,the genera of tropical,subtropical and temperate distribution types were 416 genera and 97 genera,accounting for 70.03% and 16.33% of the total genera of seed plants,respectively.It can be seen that the tropical and subtropical properties of the reserve are extremely obvious,showing the typical characteristics of the interaction between multi-tropical components and low-temperate components.(6)The endemic families of wild vascular plants in Qichong National Nature Reserve are Actinidia and Taxaceae,accounting for 1.28% of the total families of seed plants.The endemic genera of wild vascular plants in China are Tsoongiodendron,Thyrocarpus,Melliodendron,Omphalotrigonotis,Hanceola and Indocalamus,accounting for 1.01% of the total genera of seed plants.Guangxi endemic plants a total of 27 species,are seed plants,accounting for 1.86% of the total number of seed plants.(7)There are 77 species of protected plants belonging to 20 families and 54 genera in Qichong Reserve,including 9 ferns,2 gymnosperms and 66 angiosperms.There are 32 species belonging to national key protected wild plants(2021 edition),and 45 species belonging to the first batch of key protected wild plants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The endangered grades of 77 rare and endangered plants in Qichong Nature Reserve were assessed according to the IUCN Red List Endangered Grades and Criteria(2019 edition)and the application guidelines of the IUCN Red List criteria at the regional level;a total of 77 monitoring plots of rare and endangered plants were established,including 68 orchids(including 15 orchids),9 Alsophila podophylla,Brainea insignis and Bretschneidera sinensis.Finally,the protection value and resource status of the key rare and endangered plants in the reserve were briefly introduced,and the threatened factors were analyzed,and the protection countermeasures were put forward.(8)There are 49 species of invasive alien species belonging to 25 families and 40 genera in Qichong Reserve.According to the invasion grade of 'China Invasive Plant List',the damage grade can be divided into 7 grades: grade 1,malignant invasion;level 2,serious intrusion class;3 level,local intrusion class;4 level,general intrusion class;level 5,to be observed;level 6,recommended exclusion;level 7,China-made category.The habitat and harm,origin,harm grade and control measures of alien invasive species are briefly described.(9)A new record species(Gastrodia uraiensis)in mainland China,a new record genus(Vrydagzynea)in Guangxi and a new record species(Vrydagzynea nuda)in Guangxi were found.The families,genera and species of plants not recorded in Qichong Reserve were added.(10)The taxonomic study of vascular plants in Qichong Nature Reserve was carried out,and the retrieval tables of genera and species of each family were compiled.A digital photo folder was established for each species,which laid the foundation for the compilation and publication of plant color maps in this area. |
PDF Full Text Request