The Relation Of Habitats Around, Flight Area Vegetation, Grassland Fauna And Birds In The Hongqiao International Airport

Birdstrike, is the bird collision on airplane, which has been a high-level disaster since plane came out. Birdstrike has become an important factor to aviation safety at the airport, since the first air disaster which was occurred by mew with EX plane by Wright brother happened at Changtan Cal. of USA in 1912.The study is on the Shanghai Hongqiao international airport, the habitat around airport, vegetation and grassland fauna as the research object. On the basis of comprehensive investigation in airport and surrounding areas, the study which makes the threat level evaluation on the main species by using mathematical mode discusses the relation of habitat, vegetation, grassland fauna and birds. These studies which improve the current understanding situation of the avian activity provide basic data and theory. The ways can improve airports＇birdstrike avoidance from all sides.The major conclusions are as following:1 The investigation of birds＇situation in airport areaWe found 84 species belonging to 29 families (subfamily) and 12 orders. To composing of the avian community, there are 22 species (26.2%) of resident birds; 15 species (17.9%) of summer migrant; 16species (19.0%) of winter migrant; 31 species (36.9%) of travelers. The density of birds at Outside ring greenbelt one and Minhang gym park are much higher than others; The quantity of birds have two peak values at airport flying area in spring and autumn; The diversity, uniformity and abundance index of birds at most plots in spring and autumn are higher than summer and winter. The threat level evaluation shows:Columba sp. (Columba livia), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnuculus), Black-crowned night heron(Nycticorax nycticorax), Egret (Egretta garzetta), Spotted-necked dove (Streptopelia chinensis) and Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) are high-threaten species, we should strengthen the management of these species in high-incidence times.2 The study on birds and its habitatBeidi road and Outside ring greenbelt are bigger than others in the species and density; Beidi road, Outside ring greenbelt and Zoo are higher than others in diversity index; Oil warehouse, Beidi road, Outside ring greenbelt and Zoo are higher than others in evenness index; In kinds of habitats, mostly of woodland, combinative with everglade and woodland, and mostly of everglade are bigger than others; Dendrogram of avian community shows:the avian community of Beidi road and Waste dumps can gather for the class, other plots can gather except Outside ring greenbelt in winter and spring. Beidi road and Oil warehouse can gather for one class, Outside ring greenbelt and Waste dumps can gather for another, other plots can gather in summer; Oil warehouse, Beidi road and Zoo can gather for one class, other plots can gather except Outside ring greenbelt in autumn; The comparability shows:The avian community of most of plots and airport are higher in winter than other seasons; It is the key point on habitat management for holt and everglade, waste dumps and everglade, measures should be taken actively for that.3 The study on relation of vegetation and birds in flight areaWe found 37 species belonging to 18 families in vegetation. The honey plants of Compositae, Liliaceae, Convolvulaceae and Vitaceae could attract lots of insects for effloresce in spring, the plants of Gramineae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Vitaceae could afford food to lots of insects and birds in autumn; The plants on flowering and fruiting are different, but flowering happens in transition time of spring and summer, fruiting happens in autumn; The resident birds are complex with feeding in flight area, the feeding on plant seeds of birds are the highest, plant fruit of birds are second, plant leaves of birds are the least; Vegetation biomass could affect birds'kinds change to some extent; The change of diversity index on vegetation and birds are not correlation; According to the rate of encounter:different birds have different fondness to grass height, but most of birds like middle low and middle height area which include the grass height from 20 to 50cm. The flowering and fruiting management strategy:some honey and seed plants should be mowed before flowering and fruiting, and the intensity of mowing should be controlled. Grass height control strategy:low grass height should be controlled below 20cm and high grass height should be controlled above 20cm in Hongqiao airport.4 The study on relation of grassland fauna and birdsThe groups and quantity of grassland fauna were as follows:September> July> April> December; Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araneida which take up 29.51%,18.54%,12.00% and 7.75% of the total amount of catches were the dominant groups in airport; Diptera, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta and Myriapoda were common groups which take up for 11.78% of the total amount of catches in all; The change of diversity index on grassland fauna and birds has not correlation (P=0.314), but density regress are correlative (R2=0.8437). Actions should be taken to grassland fauna in summer and autumn when they are highly active.