| The grassland of airport provides appealing habitat and food for birds' living,forage and reproduction,resulted in the increase of bird strike accident.We sampled arthropods and grass at Lukou international airport from March to November 2015 by sweep-net sampling and pitfall traps,and dissected bird craw.We aimed to explore the monthly dynamic of arthropods and grass,relationship between bird and arthropod and grass,and model bird occurrence using arthropods and grass as variables.We identified 123 taxa of arthropods,belonging to 99 families and 13 classes of arthropods at Lukou airport.The dominant orders were Hemiptera,Hymenoptera,Diptera,Dermaptera and Coleoptera.The ground insects composed of 97 taxa,76 families and 12 classes,dominated by Tingidae,Chironomidae,aphids and Geocoris pallidipennis.The monthly change of density and species richness of ground insects characterized on peak cure with a peak in August.However,the monthly change of diversity index showed a two-peak cure with peaks in May and October.The underground insects composed of 86 taxa,71 families and 9 orders,dominated by Monomorium pharaonic,Labidura riparia,Velarifictorus micado,Carabidae and aphids.The monthly change of density and species richness of underground insects characterized on peak cure with a peak in September.However,the monthly change of diversity index showed a two-peak cure with peaks in April and October.In addition,there was no significant difference of density,richness and diversity between new(07)and old(06)runways(p>0.05),though all these index of old runway were slightly higher than those of the new runway.We recognized that 10 taxa of Orthoptera,5 taxa of Lepidoptera,34 taxa of Coleoptera,30 taxa of Hemiptera,18 taxa of Hymenoptera,17 taxa of Diptera,2 taxa of Odonata and one taxa of Mantodea and Dermaptera,respectively,were likely the prey of birds based on our collected samples at Lukou airport.The occurrence of most above insects begin in April or May and then peak in August to October.In addition,there were 11 taxa,10 families,6 orders and 3 phylum non-insect arthropods.Araneida and Armadillidium vulgare were the dominant taxa.The monthly change of density was two-peak cure,however,the monthly change of diversity showed a fluctuating variation and slight change in taxa richness.We identified 66 species and 18 family of grass at Lukou airport,of which dominant families are Leguminosae,Compositae and Gramineae,and dominant species are Erigeron annuus,Cosmos bipinnata,Setaria glauca,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Beck7mannia syzigachne,Eleusine indica,Pennisetum alopecuroides,Eragrostis pilosa and Vicia sepium.In terms of runways,the new runway(07)was dominant in Erigeron annuus,Cosmos bipinnata and Vicia sepium,however,the old runway(06)was dominant in Gramineae species.We recorded 41 species of birds,belonging to 21 families and 9 orders in our regular observation,with a total of 19263 individuals and 1829 frequency.Of which,migratory birds are 18 species and resident birds are 23 species.The recorded bird strike frequency occurred during March to May,and July to November.With help of dissection,we found insects and plant seeds are major food of treptopelia orientalis,Streptopelia chinensis,Bubulcus ibis and Phasianus colchicus.Regression analysis showed monthly density dynamic of ground insects,underground insects and non-insect arthropods and observed bird individuals were greatly related(R2=0.7535).In addition,the observed bird significantly related with density of Hymenoptera and Orthopotera(p= 0.005;p= 0.008),respectively.Moreover,density of Gramineae significantly related with observed bird(p=0.008)also and density of ground insects(p=0.023).However,density of Compositae and Leguminosae was not significantly related with ground insects.Based our results,we suggested ways to reduce frequency of bird strike at Lukou airport:timely grass cut,dead and rotten plant clear,pesticide application,grass species control,waterway construction,the puddle backfilling and environmental modification. |
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