| ObjectivesZhang Jiebin is a renowned physician and philosopher in the Ming Dynasty,China.He wrote an ancient treatise,Jing Yue Quan Shu(Complete Works of Jing Yue),which includes two gynaecological chapters namely Fu Ren Gui(Standards of Gynaecology).The two chapters specifically and systematically discussed the etiology,differentiated patterns,treatment and prescriptions in menstrual irregularities,diseases during pregnancy,diseases during childbirth,diseases after childbirth,excessive vaginal discharge,breast diseases,preparation of implantation,abdominal masses and female external genital diseases,based on Chinese medicine(CM)theory.This study aims at investigating the gynaecologcal ideology and prescription patterns of Zhang Jiebin using the methods of statistical analysis and data mining,in the conjunction with the comprehensive references from the text content of the treatise.MethodsMultiple databases were esatablised in Microsoft Office Excel software.Data including the name of diseases,syndromes,original source and Ba Zhen(eight array)classification of the prescription formulae,CM and its properties from Standards of Gynaecology was sorted,grouped and input into different databases.Different modules were categoried and statiscally analysed in terms of the frequency distribution of the five properties,the seven flavours and the twelve channel tropisms of CM.In addition,Apriori association rule from the IBS SPSS Modeler 18.2 software was adopted to analyse the frequent association and combintations of CM used in Xin Fang Ba Zhen(New Eight Arrays Prescription),Gu Fang Ba Zhen(Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription)and Fu Ren Gui Gu Fang(Ancient Gynaecological Prescription),while IBS SPSS Statistics 25 Chi-square tests were used to determine any difference in different prescription or diseases categories.Results1.Standards of Gynaecology was found to consist of 307 unique CM prescription formulae,including 125 from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription,87 from Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription,82 from New Eight Arrays Prescription,2 from Ancient Surgical Prescirption and 11 from anoymynous sources.The total prescription usage frequency was 742 times.There were 261 unique CM used and the usage frequency of firstly appeared in a unique prescription and all prescription were 2081 and 5234 times respectively.The formulae from New Eight Arrays Prescription were more frequently used in treating menstrual irregularities,diseases after childbirth,abdominal masses and female external genital diseases.The formulae from Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were more frequently used in treating excessive vaginal discharge,breast diseases and abdominal masses.The formulae from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription were more frequently used in treating diseases during pregnancy and the diseases after childbirth.2.The overall prescription usage frequency from New Eight Arrays Prescription was 279 times.The most commonly used formulae were Li Yin Jian(Regulating the Yin Decoction),Bao Yin Jian(Protecting the Yin Decoction),Shou Pi Jian(Enduring the Spleen Decoction),Wu Fu Yin(Five Blessings Beverage),Mi Yuan Jian(Astringing the Original Qi Decoction),Gu Yin Jian(Consolidating the Yin Decoction)and Jue Jin Jian(Breaking the Fluid Decoction).The overall prescription usage frequency from Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription was 246 times.The most commonly used formulae were Gui Pi Tang(Tonifying the Spleen Decoction),Ba Zhen Tang(Eight Precious Decoction),Shi Quan Da Bu Tang(Ten Complete Great Tonification Decoction),Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang(Tonifying the Centre and Benefiting Qi Decoction),Si Wu Tang(Four Substances Decoction),Jia Wei Xiao Yao San(Augmented Free and Easy Wanderer Powder)and Liu Jun Zi Tang(Six Gentlemen Decoction).The overall prescription usage frequency from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription was 204 times.The most commonly used formulae were Shi Xiao San(Breaking into a Smile Powder),Duo Ming Dan(Seizing Life Pill),Fo Shou San(Buddha’s Hand Powder),Zhi Qiao Tang(Bitter Orange Decoction),Zi Su Yin(Perilla Beverage)and Zi Qin San(Scutellaria Root Powder).3.For the analysis of the CM properties,both of the presciptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription and Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were mainly composed of of warm,neutral and slightly warm in properties.However,the formulae from Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription apparently showed the decrease of cold in property,whereas those from New Eight Arrays Prescription showed the decrease of warm but increase of neutral in properties.The presciptions from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription were mainly composed of the increase of warm but decrease of slightly warm in properties.For the analysis of the CM flavours,both of the presciptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription and Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were mainly composed of of sweet,pungent and bitter in flavours.However,the formulae from New Eight Arrays Prescription were apparently showed the increase of sweet and sour but the decrease of pungent and bitter in flavour.The presciptions from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription featured the increase of pungent and bitter but decrease of sweet in flavour.For the analysis of the CM channel tropisms,both of the presciptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription and Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription mainly shown the affinity to spleen channel.The formulae from Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription also showed affinity to lung,heart and stomach channels but less to kidney channel,whereas those from New Eight Arrays Prescription showed affinity to heart,liver and kidney channels.The presciptions from Ancient Gynaecological Prescription showed prominent affinity to liver channel.4.The prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription and Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were either sorted together or separately and then categoried into eight arrays,including Bu(tonifying),Re(warming),He(harmonizing),Han(cooling),Gu(astringing),San(dispersing),Gong(attacking)and Yin(causing)arrays.The association analysis of the CM combinations of each prescription assay was as follows.(1)The “Tontifying array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating menstrual irregularities and fever after childbirth.There were48 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 232 times.After eliminating the combination association with Gan cao(Licorice Root),it was found that the strongest CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Ren shen-Bai zhu(Ginseng-White Atractylodes Rhizome)and(2)Ren shen-Bai zhu-Dang gui(Ginseng-White Atractylodes RhizomeChinese Angelica)whereas the strongest CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Shu di huang-Dang gui(Prepared Rehmannia Root-Chinese Angelica)and(2)Shu di huang-Dang gui-Ren shen(Prepared Rehmannia RootChinese Angelica-Ginseng).Furthermore,the strongest four-set CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription was Si Jun Zi Tang(Four Gentlemen Decoction).Four Substances Decoction had a relatively weaker rule support than Four Gentlemen Decoction.(2)The “Warming array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating menstrual irregularities and abdominal masses.There were 20 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 67 times.It was found that the strongest CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were Zhi gan cao-Gan jiang(Processed Licorice Root-Dried Ginger Rhizome),and the strongest three-set and four-set CM association were basically derived from the formula Li Zhong Tang(Regulating Centre Decoction)whereas the strongest CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription were Zhi gan cao-Dang gui(Processed Licorice Root-Chinese Angelica),and the strongest three-set and four-set CM association were basically derived from the formula Regulating the Yin Decoction.(3)The “Harmonizing array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating Qi Jia(movable abdominal masses due to stagnation of qi)and pregnancy with stagnation of qi.There were 31 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 49 times.It was found that the strongest CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Ban xia-Sheng jiang(Pinellia Rhizome-Fresh Ginger)and(2)Ban xia-Sheng jiang-Fu ling(Pinellia Rhizome-Fresh Ginger-Poria)whereas the strongest CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Chen pi-Hou po(Aged Tangerine Peel-Magnolia Bark)and(2)Chen pi-Ban xia-Fu ling ling(Aged Tangerine Peel-Pinellia Rhizome-Poria).(4)The “Cooling array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating menstrual irregularities,pregnancy with heat and female external genital diseases.There were 13 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 47 times.It was found that in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription,there were 7 pairs of the main CM association,including(1)Huang qin-Sheng gan cao(Scutellaria Root-Fresh Licorice Root),(2)Huang qin-Huang lian(Scutellaria Root-Coptis Rhizome),(3)Huang qin-Chai hu(Scutellaria Root-Bupleurum),(4)Huang qin-Ren shen(Scutellaria RootGinseng),(5)Sheng gan cao-Ren shen(Unprocessed Licorice Root-Ginseng),(6)Sheng gan cao-Chai hu(Fresh Licorice Root-Bupleurum)and(7)Chai huRen shen(Bupleurum-Ginseng);4 groups of three-set CM association,including(1)Huang qin-Sheng gan cao-Chai hu(Scutellaria Root-Unprocessed Licorice Root-Bupleurum),(2)Huang qin-Sheng gan cao-Ren shen(Scutellaria Root-Unprocessed Licorice Root-Ginseng),(3)Huang qin-Chai hu-Ren shen(Scutellaria Root-Bupleurum-Ginseng)and(4)Sheng gan cao-Chai hu-Ren shen(Unprocessed Licorice Root-Bupleurum-Ginseng);the strongest four-set CM association was Huang qin-Sheng gan cao-Chai hu-Ren shen(Scutellaria Root-Unprocessed Licorice Root-Bupleurum-Ginseng).The strongest paired CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription were Huang qin-Huang bai(Scutellaria Root-Amur Cork tree Bark);with 2 groups of three-set CM association,including(1)Huang qin-Huang bai-Sheng gan cao(Scutellaria Root-Amur Cork tree Bark-m Unprocessed Licorice Root)and(2)Huang qin-Huang bai-Sheng bai shao(Scutellaria Root-Amur Cork tree Bark-Fresh White Peony Root).The strongest four-set CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription was basically derived from the formula Protecting the Yin Decoction.(5)The “Astringing array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating menstrual irregularities and excessive vaginal discharge.There were 18 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 40 times.After eliminating the combination association with Licorice Root,it was found that there were 4 pairs of the main CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription,including(1)Yuan zhi-Fu ling(Thinleaf Milkwort RootPoria),(2)Long gu-Fu ling(Fossil Bone-Poria),(3)Qian shi-Lian rui(Euryale Seed-Lotus Stamen)and(4)Shu di huang-Dang gui(Prepared Rehmannia Root-Chinese Angelica).In New Eight Arrays Prescription,there were 3pairs of the main CM association,including(1)Yuan zhi-Shan yao(Thinleaf Milkwort Root-Common Yam Rhizome),(2)Yuan zhi-Ren shen(Thinleaf Milkwort Root-Ginseng)and(3)Shan yao-Ren shen(Common Yam Rhizome-Ginseng).The strongest three-set and four-set CM association were Yuan zhi-Shan yao-Ren shen(Thinleaf Milkwort Root-Common Yam Rhizome-Ginseng)and Yuan zhi-Shan yao-Ren shen-Wu wei zi(Thinleaf Milkwort Root-Common Yam Rhizome-GinsengChinese Magnoliavine Fruit)respectively.(6)The “Dispersing array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating heat in blood chamber related to menstruation and fever after childbirth.There were 8 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 9 times.It was found that the strongest CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Sheng jiang-Ren shen(Fresh Ginger-Ginseng),(2)Ban xia-Sheng jiang-Ren shen(Pinellia Rhizome-Fresh Ginger-Ginseng)and(3)Sheng jiang-Ren shen-Chai hu-Sheng gan cao(Fresh Ginger-Ginseng-Bupleurum-Unprocessed Licorice Root)whereas the strongest CM association in New Eight Arrays Prescription were(1)Chai hu-Sheng bai shao(Bupleurum-Fresh White Peony Root),(2)Chai hu-Sheng bai shao-Chen pi(Bupleurum-Fresh White Peony Root-Aged Tangerine Peel)and(3)Chai hu-Dang gui-Sheng jiang-Zhi gan cao(Bupleurum-Chinese Angelica-Fresh GingerProcessed Licorice Root).(7)The “Attacking array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating abdominal masses.There were 8 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 9 times.It was found that the strongest CM association in Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription were Da huang-Tao ren(Rhubarb Root and Rhizome-Peach Kernel).Since there was only one formula in New Eight Arrays Prescription,the association rule analysis was unable to carry out.(8)The “Causing array” prescriptions were most commonly used in treating menstrual irregularities and diseases during pregnancy.There were23 unique prescriptions in total with the usage frequency of 64 times.All of the “ causing array ” prescriptions were from New Eight Arrays Prescription.It was found that the strongest CM associations were Shu di huang-Dang gui(Prepared Rehmannia Root-Chinese Angelica)and Shu di huangDang gui-Rou gui(Prepared Rehmannia Root-Chinese Angelica-Cinnamon Bark).Ten groups of three-set CM association were found.(9)The usage frequency the prescriptions from Ancient Gynaecological Prescriptions was 204 times.It was found that the strongest CM associations were(1)Dang gui-Chuan xiong(Sichuan Lovage Root-Chinese Angelica)(2)Dang gui-Chuan xiong-Shu di huang(Chinese Angelica-Sichuan Lovage Root-Prepared Rehmannia Root)and(3)Dang gui-Chuan xiong-Shu di huang-Sheng bai shao(Chinese Angelica-Sichuan Lovage Root-Prepared Rehmannia Root-Fresh White Peony Root),which were basically derived from Four Substances Decoction.5.The characteristics of 104 CM recorded from New Eight Arrays Prescription in Standards of Gynaecology were further analysed based on the understanding from Zhang Jiebin in two of the chapters namely Ben Cao Zheng(Materia Medica)inside Complete Works of Jing Yue.The frequency of the properties,flavours,functional tendencies including Sheng(ascending),Jiang(descending),Fu(floating)and Chen(sinking),and the nature of Yin and Yang was interpreted and analysed.The results showed that the overall CM analsyed mainly composed of warm(48.14%)and netural(26.28%)properties,with sweet(39.29%),bitter(20.88%)and pungent(20.85%)flavours.In addition,the CM mainly demonstrated descending(42.04%),ascending(31.65%)and sinking(18.93%)functional tendencies,with the present nature of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin,18.93%)and Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang,18.93%)and absence of Yin Zhong Zhi Yin(Yin within Yin).The prescription patterns were further analysis according to eight arrays and disease classifications and compared with the overall one.(1)The prescription patterns according to new eight arrays:(1)The new “Tonifying array”presciptions were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,this array apparently showed CM frequency with the increase of neutral but decrease of cold,cool and hot properties,the decrease of salty and other flavours,the increase of floating,slightly sinking,slightly descending and slightly floating in functional tendency,the increase of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin)and Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)but decrease of Chun Yang(Pure Yang)and Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(2)The new “Causing array”presciptions were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,this array apparently showed CM frequency with the increase of cold,cool and hot in properties,the increase of pungent and sour but decrease of astringe in flavours,the increase of sinking and slightly ascending but decrease of slightly sinking amd ascending in functional tendencies,the increase of Chun Yin(Pure Yin)and Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)but decrease of Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(3)The new “Warming array” presciptions were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.This array had the highest frequency of the sweet and warm patterns among the other arrays.However,it apparently showed CM frequency with the increase of hot but decrease of cold,cool and neutral in properties,the increase of sweet but decrease in sour in flavours,the prominent increase of ascending but decrease of sinking in functional tendencies,the increase of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin),Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)and Yang Zhong Zhi Yang(Yang within Yang)but decrease of Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(4)The new “Cooling array” presciptions were generally exhibited bitter,cold and descending patterns.However,this array apparently showed CM frequency with the increase of cool but decrease of warm and absence of hot in properties,an increase of bland and astringe but decrease of pungent and sweet in flavours,the increase of sinking and floating but decrease in ascending in functional tendencies,the increase of Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)but decrease of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin)and Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(5)The new “Astringing array” presciptions were generally exhibited sweet,warm and ascending patterns.This array had the highest frequency of the neutral and ascending patterns among the other arrays.However,it apparently showed CM frequency with the absence of cold,cool and hot in properties,the increase in sour,astringe,bland and salty but decrease in pungent and bitter in flavours,the decrease in sinking function tendency,the increase in Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang),Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)but decrease in Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(6)The new “Harmonizing array” presciptions were generally exhibited pungent,warm and descending patterns.This array had the highest frequency of descending and Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)but the lowest frequency of sweet patterns among the other arrays.However,it also apparently showed CM frequency with the decrease of neutral,cool and hot in properties,the increase of bitter and salty but decrease of sweet and absence of astringe in flavours,the increase of Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)but decrease of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin),Chun Yin(Pure Yin)and Chun Yang(Pure Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(7)The new “Dispersing array” presciptions were generally exhibited sweet,warm and ascending patterns.This array had the highest frequency of slightly ascending but the lowest frequency of neutral patterns among the other arrays.However,it also apparently showed CM frequency with the increase of cold and cool but absence of hot in properties,the increase of sour but absence of bland,astringe and salty in flavours,the decrease of sinking and descending in funcational tendencies,the incresase of Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)but decrease of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin),Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)and Chun Yang(Pure Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(8)The new “Attacking array” presciption appeared once only.This prescription was mainly exhibited pungent,warm and ascending patterns.It also apparently showed CM frequency with the presence of hot and cold but absence of neutral and cool in properties,the increase of salty but decrease of sweet and bitter and absence of bland,sour and astringe in flavours,the increase of floating and slightly sinking but decrease of descending in functional tendencies,the increase of Chun Yang(Pure Yang),Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)and Yang Zhong Zhi Yang(Yang within Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(2)The new prescription patterns according to disease classifications:(1)For the management of menstrual irregularities,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the increase in cool and decrease of hot in properties,the decrease of pungent in flavor,the increase of Chun Yang(Pure Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(2)For the management of diseases during pregnancy,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the decrease of floating in functional tendency,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(3)For the management of diseases during childbirth,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and ascending patterns.These formulae had the highest frequency of Chun Yang(Pure Yang)patterns among the other arrays.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the decrease of cold in property and bitter and sour in flavours,the increase of floating but decrease of slightly floating in functional tendencies,the increase of Yang Zhong Zhi Yang(Yang within Yang)but decrease of Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang),Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(4)For the management of diseases after childbirth,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the increase of hot in property,the decrease of salty in flavour,the decrease of slightly sinking and slightly descending in functional tendencies,the decrease of Chun Yang(Pure Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(5)For the management of excessive vaginal discharge,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.These formulae had the highest frequency of neutral,Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)and Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)patterns among the other arrays.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the decrease of cool and absence of hot in properties,the increase of bland,astringe and salty but decrease of pungent in flavours,the increase of ascending but decrease of sinking in functional tendencies,the increase of Chun Yang(Pure Yang)but decrease of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin)and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(6)For the management of breast diseases,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited bitter,cold and sinking patterns.These formulae had the highest frequency of floating and Chun Yin(Pure Yin)patterns among the other arrays.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the increase of cool but decrease of warm and absence of hot in properties,the decrease of bland,pungent,sweet and absence of salty in flavours,the decrease of descending and ascending in functional tendencies,the increase of Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(7)For the managment of the preparation of implantaion,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.These formulae had the highest frequency of warm,hot,pungent and salty but the lowest frequency of patterns among the other arrays.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the decrease of cold and cool in properties,the increase of floating and slightly sinking but decrease of sinking and slightly ascending in functional tendencies,the increase of Yin Zhong You Yang(Yang within Yin)and Yang Zhong Zhi Yang(Yang within Yang)but decrease of Yang Zhong Wei Yin(Slightly Yin within Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(8)For the management of abdominal masses,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the increase of hot but decrease in neutral,cold and cool in properties,the increase of pungent but decrease of sour and astringe in flavours,the increase of slightly descending but decrease of sinking and slightly ascending in functional tendencies,the increase of Yang Zhong You Yin(Yin within Yang)and decrease of Chun Yin(Pure Yin)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.(9)For the management of female external genital diseases,the prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription were generally exhibited sweet,warm and descending patterns.However,the CM frequency was also appeared with the increase of cold and cool but decrease in warm and hot in properties,the increase of bland and salty but decrease in pungent in flavours,the increase of floating but decrease in slught ascending in functional properties,the increase of Yin Zhong Wei Yang(Slightly Yang within Yin)and Chun Yang(Pure Yang)in nature,as compared with the overall prescription patterns.Conclusions(1)Zhang Jiebin adopted 82 unique prescriptions from New Eight Arrays Prescription,which were innovated by himself,in Standards of Gynaecology for the management of gynaecological problems.The prescriptions were mainly used in menstrual irregularities,diseases after childbirth,abdominal masses and female external genital diseases,which gives a profound influence in the future generations.(2)Althouhg only half of the prescriptions in Standards of Gynaecology were from New Eight Arrays Prescription and Ancient Eight Arrays Prescription,the total frequency of usage of these prescriptions reached70%.The “Tonifying array”presciptions were most frequently used in Standards of Gynaecology,followed by “Warming array”,“Causing array”,“Harmonizing array”,“Cooling array”,“Astringing array”,“Dispersing array”and “Attacking array” presciptions.(3)The characteristics of the prescription patterns in Standards of Gynaecology are as follows:(1)“Tonifying array”aims at tonifying qi and blood.The tonifying mechanism of the ancient “Tonifying array”prescriptions were mainly via supplementing qi while that in the new“Tonifying array”prescriptions were mainly via nourishing blood.(2)The ancient “Warming array”prescriptions mainly adopted precriptions derived from the formula Li Zhong Tang(Regulating Centre Decoction)for treatment while the new “Warming array”prescriptions mainly adopted precriptions derived from the formula Li Yin Jian(Regulating the Yin Decoction)for treatment.(3)“Harmonizing array” aims at regulating the dynamic of qi.The harmonizing mechanism of the ancient “Harmonizing array”prescriptions were mainly via calming the adverse-rising qi while that in the new“Harmonizing array”prescriptions were mainly via warming and retifying qi.(4)“Cooling array” aims at clearing heat and supplementing Yin.The cooling mechanism of the ancient “Cooling array”prescriptions were mainly via draining fire by bitter-cold herbs and moistening dryness while that in the new “Cooling array”prescriptions were mainly via distinguishing the heat from deficiency or without deficiency for treatment.(5)“Astringing array” aims at astringing and consolidating essence.The astringing array mechanism of the ancient “Astringing array”prescriptions mainly adminstrated Fu ling(Poria)to connect heart and kidney and arrest vaginal discharge while that in the new “Astringing array”prescriptions administrated Shan yao(Common Yam Rhizome)to treat heart,spleen,liver and kidney.(6)“Dispersing array”aims at dispersing exterior pathogens.The dispersing mechanism of the ancient “Dispersing array”prescriptions were mainly assisted with supplementing qi while that in the new“Dispersing array”prescriptions were assisted with nourishing blood.(7)“Attacking array” prescriptions were used cautiously.New Eight Arrays Prescription often adminstrated Tao ren(Peach Kernel)to dissipate static blood in either deficiency or without deficiency stiutation.(8)“Causing array”presciptions mainly used to treat blood-related syndromes.(4)Zhang Jiebin mainly adopted the theory of qi and blood to the treatment of gynaecological diseases.He emphazised on the importance of spleen,kidney and liver functions.The presence and absence of fire in Yin deficiency affects the methods of tonifying Yin.(5)The academic thoughts and prescriptions of Standards of Gynaecology have a profound impact on Lingnan Luo’s Gynecology in clinical practice.(6)This study investigated the gynaecologcal ideology and prescription patterns of Zhang Jiebin using the methods of statistical analysis and data mining,in the conjunction with the comprehensive references from the text content of the treatise.The inheritance and invovation of prescription patterns in Standards of Gynaecology were demonstrated. |
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