| Objective:Under the guidance of the theory of pattern elements,this paper systematically textuals the indicating symptoms,pathogenesis and efficacies of Pinellia Ternata prescriptions from the annotated literature of Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,and further clarifies the main functions of Pinellia Ternata and its compatibility and application rules in the prescriptions.So as to provide reference for better clinical use of Pinellia Ternata and Pinellia Ternata classic prescriptions.Methods:1.Noting works extraction,collation and database construction: Based on 42 classic prescriptions of Pinellia Ternata and 72 related classic clauses in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,18 representative annotation texts were collected and managed in access database through duplication,input and proofreading,and the annotated texts of each clause were uniformly coded to form research texts,which were divided into two parts.Class summary output,as the appendix text of this study.2.Construction of knowledge base of Pinellia Ternata prescriptions:(1)On the basis of literature database,knowledge Processing form is constructed to extract knowledge elements of syndrome elements of Pinellia Ternata prescriptions from research texts,including disease location,pathogenesis,symptoms related to symptoms;(2)Extraction of the main efficacy and symptoms of the whole prescription,Pinellia Ternata and its compatibility;(3)Knowledge processing is carried out by trained students.Each text is processed by two students separately.The processed text is summarized and compared through the database,and then checked by the teacher team to form a knowledge base for analysis.3.Data Mining(DM): According to the purpose of textual research,the query between Pinellia Ternata classic prescriptions and syndromes elements was constructed,and the correlation frequency and common frequency between syndromes elements were output by classification.The output was summarized according to the need of displaying.All the analysis was carried out on the SAS9.4 software platform.Specific content of syndrome relief includes: the main pathogenesis of Pinellia Ternata Classic prescription,the common law of indicating symptoms,the main function and indicating symptoms of Pinellia Ternata,Pinellia Ternata addition and subtraction,compatibility,dosage,simplest analysis.The results of the analysis are presented in the form of a list.The source of the syndrome elements evacuation results is marked with the evacuation text number in the table so as to locate the query in the appendix text.The compatibility analysis method of Pinellia Ternata is based on the data of classic prescription database,which includes 252 prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.The frequency,confidence and Chi-square test P value of the compatibility of Pinellia Ternata with any Chinese Medicine are calculated respectively by using association rules and Chi-square test method,and the compatibility of P < 0.05 is discussed.Results:In this study,through textual research of the indications and efficacy of Pinellia Ternata and Pinellia Ternata classic prescription in Treatise on Febrile Miscellaneous Diseases and its annotations,we systematically analyzed Pinellia Ternata and its classical prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Miscellaneous Diseases from various aspects of the pattern factors,classified and counted the whole prescription of Pinellia Ternata,the simplest prescription of Pinellia Ternata,the single drug of Pinellia Ternata,the addition and subtraction of Pinellia Ternata.It preliminarily summarizes the main functions of Pinellia Ternata prescription and Pinellia Ternata classic prescription.The main results are as follows:1.The bibliographic notes library of Pinellia Ternata and Pinellia Ternata classic prescription was constructed.The bibliographic texts were classified and coded according to the bibliographic prescriptions,and the research texts were formed(appendix for details).2.An overview of classic prescription of Pinellia Ternata and related syndromes.(1)Statistical analysis of the syndrome elements of Pinellia Ternata(list only the top 10 syndrome elements):(1)Frequency of the indicating location : The indicating location of Pinellia Ternata classic prescription mainly treats lung,heart,spleen,stomach(under the heart),Shaoyang and Shangjiao,also involves thoracic septum,pharynx and surface.The top ten indicating location are 153 times of stomach(32.48%),85 times of subcardiac(18.05%),65 times of lung(13.8%),50 times of Shaoyang(10.62%),46 times of chest(9.77%),32 times of pharynx(6.79%),31 times of heart(6.58%),23 times of exterior(4.88%),22 times of diaphragm(4.67%)and 20 times of spleen(4.25%).(2)The frequency of indicating pathogenic factors: In the aspect of indicating pathogenic factors,the frequency of endogenous five pathogenic factors is the highest,followed by fire and heat,and mainly by fluid retention,water and phlegm of pathological products.The top ten indications are internal cold 102 times(28.57%),internal heat 85 times(23.81%),external heat 85 times(23.81%),retained fluid 57 times(15.97%),water 56 times(15.69%),phlem 23 times(6.44%),internal fire 17 times(4.76%),external fire 17 times(4.76%),thoracic fluid 12 times(3.36%)and Phlegm fluid 9 times(2.52%).(3)Frequency of abnormal movement of Qi,blood and body fluid: Pinellia Ternata classic prescription mainly governs the abnormalities of Qi movements,such as Qi-uprising,Qi-adverse,Qi-flush and disorders of ascending and descending.Out of these,Qi uprising 24(36.92%),Qi stagnation 9(13.85%),Qi flash 8(12.31%),Qi disorder of up and down 7(10.77%),Qi depress 7(10.77%),Qi suncken 4(6.15%),yang float 3(4.62%),Qi block 3(4.62%),Qi clot2(3.08%)and Qi resist 1(1.54%).(2)Full formulas of Pinellia Ternata classic prescription(1)Statistical results of the frequency of main therapeutic effects of Pinellia Ternata classic prescription(Full formulas)are listed(only the top 10 main therapeutic effects of frequency): The main therapeutic effects of classic prescription(the full prescription)include 15 aspects,namely,remove retention water,reconciliation,dissipation,clearing away diarrhea,relieving exterior symptoms,tonifying,reducing adverse reactions,warming,expelling phlegm and dampness,promoting propaganda,regulating blood and nourishing blood,attacking,astringency,eliminating evil and moistening dryness.The top ten therapeutic effects are lowering adverse 56 times(10.79%),harmony 39 times(7.51%),removing water 33 times(6.36%),resolve retention 28 times(5.39%),stop vomiting 18 times(3.47%),harmony stomach 17 times(3.28%),expel pathogenic 12 times(2.31%),induce sweating 11 times(2.12%)tonify middle 11 times(2.12%).(2)Statistical results of the frequency of indicating symptoms of Pinellia Ternata classic prescription(Full formulas)were listed(only the top 10 indicating symptoms were listed): The main symptoms of classic prescription(the full prescription)are very extensive.There are about 25 types of symptoms,including vomiting,fullness,cold and heat(including external and internal),defecate abnormal,breathing abnormal,abnormal pulse,pain,dryness,irritation,mouth and throat disease,abnormal head and face,abnormal diet,uprising,salivation,voice abnormal,intestine and stomach,sweating,swelling,palpitation,sleep,menstruation,Jaundice,and trunk body problems etc.the top ten symptoms are 144 vomiting(27.75%),65 coughing(12.52%),61 retching(11.75%),57 epicardial fullness(10.98%),49 lower interest(9.44%),45 wheezing(8.67%),44 fever(8.48%),39 thirst(7.51%),32 no appetite(6.17%)heart disease.28 times of disphoria(5.39%).(3)The analysis of simplest classic prescriptions of Pinellia Ternata: The simplest classic prescriptions of Pinellia Ternata with only two herbs are Xiaobanxia Decoction,Banxia Ganjiang Powder,Shengjiang Banxia Decoction,Banxia Mahuang pill and Kujiu Decoction.The simplest prescription of Pinellia Ternata is applied Pinellia Ternata as the main drug,the dosage forms are mainly pill and powder,and the toxicity of Pinellia Ternata is mainly processed by compounding ginger,honey,vinegar and other slow-acting drugs.3.Statistical analysis of single herb of Pinellia Ternata(1)Statistical results of the frequency of the main efficacy of Pinellia Ternata(list only the top 10 main efficacy of frequency): The core efficacy of Pinellia Ternata is to release adverse,stop vomiting,remove phlegm and water,expel retention water and relieve pain.In compatibility application,the efficacy of Pinellia Ternata extends widely,it can be applied to invigorate the spleen and stomach,disperse the liver,treat menstruation,and induce voice.the top ten efficacy are lowering the adverse118 times(51.3%),stop vomiting 47 times(220.43%),remove water 26 times(11.3%),harmony stomach 23 times(10%),treat culbuncla 22 times(9.57%),dispersing 18 times(7.83%),desolve phlem 12 times(5.22%),remove retention 12 times(5.22%),disperse stagnation 11 times(4.78%),remove retention and water 10 times(4.35%)respectively.(2)Statistical results of frequency of indicating symptoms of Pinellia Ternata.In this study,only a small number of indicating symptoms of Pinellia Ternata were counted.The frequency of these symptoms was as follows: vomiting 18 times(100%),wheezing,coughing and asthma 2 times(11.11%).4.Analysis results of compatibility of Pinellia TernataThe common drug pairs of Pinellia Ternata compatibility(Chi-square test P < 0.05)were: 17 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Ginseng(40.48%),17 Pairs of Pinellia Ternata Ginger(40.48%),16 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Jujube(38.1%),13 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Dried Ginger(30.95%),12 pairs of Radix Scutellariae(28.57%),8 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Asarum(19.05%),7 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Schisandrae(16.67%)and 6 pairs of Pinellia Ternata Radix Bupleuri(1.95%).4.29%,Pinellia Ternata Rhizoma Coptidis 5 times(11.9%),Pinellia Ternata Ophiopogon 3 times(7.14%)and Pinellia Ternata Rhizoma Aconiti 1 time(2.38%).The compatibility characteristics of Pinellia Ternata.Among the 42 classic prescriptions,ginseng has the highest confidence in compatibility with Pinellia ternata.There are 11 significant medicines,namely ginseng,ginger,jujube,dried ginger,scutellaria baicalensis,asarum,schisandra chinensis,bupleurum,coptis chinensis,ophiopogon japonicus and aconite.5.Evidence of Addition and Subtraction Provisions in Pinellia TernataAmong the 42 Banxia prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,there are item 40 Xiaoqinglong Decoction,item 96 Xiaochaihu Decoction and item146 Chaihu Guizhi Decoction in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.In Xiaoqinglong and Xiaochaihu soup,it is “to remove Pinellia Ternate”,and in Chaihu Guizhi soup,it is “to add Pinellia Ternate”.In adding and subtracting of Pinellia Ternata,Pinellia Ternata is given priority to,on the condition that “thirsty”,“if sick in the chest but not vomited”,“thirsty” and “sick in the chest”,respectively,are the manifestations of “fire” and “heat” injuring body fluid.Pinellia Ternata has a delicate taste and is easy to consume body fluid.“Yin deficiency and body fluid injury should be used cautiously”.6.Pinellia Ternata dose dredging syndrome:The modern dosage of Pinellia Ternata is generally 3-9g.However,the dosage of Pinellia Ternata in Dabanxia decoction is 2 liters,which is converted to 256 g according to the metre-gram measurement.Most other dosages of Pinellia Ternata prescription are 64 g and 32 g.The dosage of Pinellia Ternata in classic prescriptions is higher than that prescribed in modern pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).Referring to the literature,there are also large doses(120g)of Pinellia Ternata in modern clinical treatment of severe rebellion,stubborn nausea or insomnia.This shows that the use of large doses of Pinellia Ternata is safe under the condition of proper decoction and compatibility.Conclusion:1.This study systematically sorted out the main efficacy and symptoms of Pinellia Ternata and its classical prescriptions by digging out the annotations of previous dynasties in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases,and excavated the general knowledge of Pinellia Ternata and its classical prescriptions,thus forming a relatively perfect knowledge system of Pinellia Ternata and its classical prescriptions.The general outline of knowledge contains tacit knowledge of Pinellia Ternata and its prescriptions in the aspects of therapeutic efficacy,symptoms,location and compatibility.These tacit knowledge has a strong reference value for the expansion and improvement of the function extension of Pinellia Ternata and its prescriptions.At the same time,it provides theoretical guidance for the clinical application and scientific research of Pinellia Ternata and its prescriptions.2.This study uses modern data mining technology to study Pinellia Ternata and its prescriptions.Through the association between Pinellia Ternata and its knowledge database of syndrome and treatment,a more systematic and accurate analysis of the knowledge of syndrome and treatment of Pinellia Ternata and its prescriptions is made.At the same time,mining technology provides convenience for queries of each specific knowledge point by establishing queries between databases,which are difficult to achieve by traditional evidences research.In this study,the application of modern data mining technology has a good reference significance for other Traditional Chinese Medicine and classical prescriptions literature data mining. |
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