Research On The Coordinated Development Of Port-city System With Ecological Factors

Since the reform and opening-up,national economy in China has developed rapidly and opening to the outside world has been intensified.The port industry has also achieved leapfrog development and historic changes.However,as the domestic and international economic development has entered profound changes,the growth of port transportation demand has slowed down,and new contradictions have begun to emerge,which are prominently manifested in excess port capacity,insufficient resource utilization,intensified port-city contradictions and insufficient training of new business formats.The goal of port development has changed from "doing things quickly"to paying attention to quality and efficiency.Port and urban planning and construction based on an ecological perspective have become a new task under the current economic situation.The ecological perspective is a comprehensive application of ecological economics methods to analyze the main factors that affect the coordinated development of ports and cities with the goal of maximizing economic,ecological,and social benefits,seeking for solutions that make the port-city system achieve coordinated development in economic,social,ecological and other aspects.This thesis attempts to answer the following questions:(1)What are the connotations and extensions of "ecological perspective" and "coordinated development of port-city system",including but not limited to related concepts,boundaries,ecological elements,main indicators,main goals and key issues;(2)How to quantitatively measure and evaluate the degree of ecological coordinated development of the port-city system;(3)How to achieve the coordinated development of the port-city in terms of functions at different development stages and different port cities;(4)How to construct the complex system of the ecologically coordinated port-city system and what role does the reasonable spatial scale of the port and city play for the coordinated development;(5)From the perspective of the government,how to manage the port and city system to achieve the goal of coordinated ecological development of the system.Focusing on the above issues,this thesis has carried out the following work:(1)The concept of ecological perspective is introduced,and the basic connotation and conceptual model of the coordinated development of port-city system under the ecological perspective are elaborated.Clarify the key issues of the coordinated development of port-city system from an ecological perspective—evaluate the degree of coordinated development of the port and city,optimize the port functions,optimize the spatial layout and strengthen the coordinated governance of the port and city,and finally achieve coordinated development in major aspects such as economy,society and ecology.(2)An evaluation index system for the ecological coordination of port-city system has been proposed.Based on the analysis of the existing centralized and coordinated development evaluation methods,the principal component analysis method and the separation method have been chosen to construct the evaluation model of the ecological coordination degree of the port and city.An empirical analysis of the model based on the actual data of Xiamen Port shows that the evaluation method is feasible.(3)A quantitative model for the coordinated development of port-city system from an ecological perspective has been proposed.This model starts with ecological benefits,establishing an evaluation system for cargo type selection which incorporates resources and environmental indicators.A quantitative method is used to solve the key cargo type selection and function orientation in the port transformation process;(4)Taking the scientific concept of sustainable development as the guiding ideology,a quantitative model for the spatial coordinated development of portcity system from an ecological perspective has been constructed.It comprehensively analyzes the internal mechanism of port-city development from the perspectives of economy,resources and environment,taking overall consideration of economic and social benefits that affected by distance between the port and city.Simply emphasizing economic interaction would be avoided.(5)Summarize the existing governance measures from economic,technological,ecological and other perspectives.A governance system for coordinated development of ports and cities has been built on this basis and strategic opinions and suggestions has been put forward in the case of coordinated development of port and city in Xiamen.(6)This thesis takes the coordinated development of Xiamen’s port and city as the research object,summarizes the current situation of the coordinated development of Xiamen’s port-city system,analyzes the achievements and effects of Xiamen’s development policies and identifies the existing problems.On this basis,this thesis mainly proposes constructive countermeasures and methods to promote the joint development of Xiamen’s port-city system from the ecological perspective,and further complements and perfects the policy system of Xiamen for the sake of coordinated development.Through the above work,the main conclusions obtained are as follows:(1)Ecological coordination of the port and city is a dynamic process.Looking at the process of coordinated development of the port-city system from an ecological perspective,it can be considered that the relationship between the port and the city is obviously variable and dynamic.The two systems have different demand characteristics at different stages of development.The relationship between the two often undergoes changes.This cyclical and continuous development of changes is a feature that all government departments should be aware of.(2)The functional coordination of the port-city system from an ecological perspective.After considering ecological factors,the issue of functional coordination of has changed from the simple large-scale operation in the past to focusing on how to improve quality and efficiency.Port cities at different stages have different positioning of port functions.The mature"one-echelon" port cities often perform "subtraction" in the physical port transportation function,while focusing on developing shipping service industries such as insurance,finance,and trade.(3)The spatial coordination of the port-city system from an ecological perspective.Spatial distance is very important for the coordinated development of port-city system.After the scale of space between port and city becomes moderately larger,as the value of land resources occupied by the port decreases and the environmental impact on the city becomes smaller,the growth rate of GDP and port throughput increase and the entire system has become more“ecological".However,the spatial scale of the port-city system cannot be too large,because when the distance between the port and the city is too large,the time economic costs for commute,collecting and distributing goods are too high,which will adversely affect the cultivation of industries and the development of new cities.Therefore,although the separation of port and city has become an important development trend in the relationship between port and city,choosing the right distance between port and city can maximize the port’s driving effect on the city’s economy and achieve "ecological" coordination.(4)The governance system of coordinated development of the port-city system from an ecological perspective.As scarce resources with public attribute,it is necessary to make trade-offs when it comes to how to use the coastline and port area from the government’s point of view.Proper handling can increase the port’s contribution to the social economy.The government can manage the coordinated development of the port-city system through different means such as macro guidance,public services,and soft environment construction.However,governments at different levels have different functions and roles due to their power levels.The governance of the coordinated port and city generally takes urban needs as the main goal,and the port and industries behind are governed to achieve the goal.At the national level,consideration is given to large areas,especially the port functions and layout related to the national economy and people’s livelihood,as well as the development requirements of green and smart industries.