| Ports are an important part of the modern transportation system,and as an important strategic resource that supports the development of countries and regions.Its rapid development not only plays an important role in ports but also drives regional and national economic growth.It’s a force for reshaping regional and national spatial structures.Since the21 st century,with China’s accession to the WTO,China’s foreign trade has achieved rapid development,the scale of coastal port freight has continued to expand,port functions have been continuously improved,and the port space layout has been further optimized.However,under the background of China’s economic development entering a new normal and industrial supply-side structural reform,the development of China’s ports has also been affected to a certain extent.Overcapacity of coastal ports,the intersection of the hinterland,and business homogeneity have become more and more obvious.There is fierce competition for resources in the hinterland,which seriously affects the optimal allocation of resources of ports.Therefore,accelerating the optimization allocation of port and hinterland resources,and realizing the reduction and integrated development of port clusters have become practical problems to be solved urgently.Based on competitive cooperation theory,symbiosis theory,system theory,and spatial interaction theory,this thesis uses entropy weight TOPSIS,Nelson function measure,Logistic model considering natural growth rate and maximum environmental capacity,and improved Gaussian plume model to analyze the evolution of the port system structure,the symbiosis relationship between port and city,the evolution of the port and hinterland,it aims to provide support for the spatial layout planning of China’s coastal port and the decision making of government departments.The results of the study are as follows: First,the hierarchical scale structure of China’s coastal ports have changed from a pyramid to a flat pyramid-shaped structure in which medium and high-grade ports grow and low-grade ports shrink.The regional spatial structure of China’s coastal ports presents a "Center-periphery structure" centered on international and national ports.Among them,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Tianjin,etc.are the development centers of coastal port groups,and other ports are peripheral ports.The linkage between the center and peripheral ports promotes the high-level regional development pattern of coastal ports.In terms of transportation function structure,China’s coastal port presents a structural evolution trend of increasing specialized and comprehensive ports and decreasing general ports,The development trend of port transportation function structure is diversified.In addition,there is a certain relationship between the port transportation scale and the port transportation function,that is,as the port transportation scale increases,the port’s comprehensiveness increases and the specialization decreases.Based on port scale and port transportation functions,China’s coastal ports have formed super large comprehensive ports,super large general ports,large comprehensive ports,large general ports,large specialized ports,medium and small combined ports,medium and small general ports,and medium and small specialized ports.Second,China’s coastal ports have formed a port-city symbiosis model featuring mutualism and parasitic coexistence,but the port-city symbiosis model has obvious spatial differences,and the benefits of ports and cities in different port groups are also different.Specifically,The port-city symbiosis pattern of the port group around the Bohai Sea presents a spatial organization pattern of “ports in the southwest benefit,and cities in the northeast benefit”.However,affected by regional economic and policy differences,the symbiosis patterns of ports and cities in different regions are quite different.The symbiosis pattern of ports and cities in the Yangtze River Delta port group presents a spatial organization pattern of"central ports benefit,and southern and northern cities benefit",and southern and northern cities benefit",and the port-city mutual benefit symbiosis model has significant geographical proximity characteristics.The port-city symbiosis pattern of the Pearl River Delta port group generally presents an “cities in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong benefiting,and ports in the central region benefiting” spatial organization pattern of mutual benefit and symbiosis.The southeast coastal port group presents a spatial organization pattern of"mutually beneficial symbiotic cities benefit highly",while the southwest coastal port group presents a spatial organization pattern of "highly benefited by North western cities and high benefits of Hainan Island ports"Third,There are significant spatial differences between the direct hinterland and the intersecting hinterland of China’s coastal ports,and due to the differences in the north-south economy,the level of opening to the outside world and policy system,there is a development trend of one and the other.Pattern,Dalian Port,Tianjin Port,Shanghai Port,Guangzhou Port,Shenzhen Port and other trunk ports have a wide hinterland and a high degree of concentration,occupying most of the direct hinterland and cross hinterland in the country.From the perspective of the evolution of the direct hinterland,the hinterland of the Bohai Rim port group gradually shrinks to the northeast,while the Yangtze River Delta port group is relatively stable,but the spatial structure is gradually changing from an anchor-type to a dumbbell-type structure,and the direct hinterland of the port is gradually moving northward.The number of the direct hinterland of the Pearl River Delta port group continues to grow and continues to expand to the southwest and Tibet.The hinterland range of the southeast and southwest coastal port groups remains stable,forming a fan-shaped structure centered on the core port.From the perspective of the evolution of the cross hinterland,the change of the cross hinterland within the coastal port group is small,and the change of the cross hinterland between the port groups is large,and the competition is more intense.Specifically,the competition between Shanghai Port and Tianjin Port pushes the Bohai Rim port extend to the northeast,while the competition between Shanghai Port and Tianjin Port,Shenzhen Port makes the port’s cross hinterland continue to extend to the southwest and northwest.From the factors of the evolution of port hinterland,Port location resource endowment,transportation network density,port city support,policy promotion,etc.prompted China’s coastal port groups to form the Bohai Rim,Yangtze River Delta,and Pearl River Delta different types of port group competition groups,port advantageous resources,transportation network density,and city support ability of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta port hinterland range continues to expand,while the Bohai Rim port group in these three aspects of the relative cross,port hinterland range The scope of port hinterland has been shrinking. |
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