Diversity Of Macrofungi In Western Hubei

Western Hubei,the important ecological functional area in China,is located in the climate transition zone between North and South of China,mainly including Shennongjia,Shiyan,Yichang,Enshi,Xiangyang and Suizhou.The area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve in Western Hubei are worldwide famous.Western Hubei has unique geographical location,warm and moist climate conditions,abundant forest resources and abundant water,breeding a variety of macrofungi.Literature review shows that there are few public reports on macrofungi resources in Western Hubei except Shennongjia.In this thesis,the catalogue,mycobiota and endangerment assessment of macrofungi in Western Hubei were studied,and a red list of macrofungi was established.In the respect of species diversity,a total of 3,023 macrofungi specimens were studied,and 841 species belonging to 2 phyla,7 classes,23 orders,94 families and 295 genera were identified.Among them,95 species belong to ascomycetes,32 species belong to jelly fungi,418 species belong to agarics,56 species belong to boletes,32 species belong to gasteroid fungi,140 species belong to polyporoid fungi,and 68 species belong to russuloid fungi.Among the 841 species,208 species are edible,182 species are medicinal and 245 species are poisonous.One new species,Xanthagaricus ianthinus Y.Li & F.J.Wang,and two new species to be determined,Pluteus hubeiensis Y.Li & F.J.Wang,Pseudoomphalina wudangensis Y.Li & F.J.Wang,were discovered.Eleven species are new to China.They are Abieticola koreana Hyang B.Lee,Micropsalliota lateritia Heinem.,Xanthagaricus epipastus(Berk.& Broome)Hussain,Entoloma graphitipes E.Ludw.,Entoloma prismaticum Hir.Sasaki,A.Kinosh.& K.Nara,Stropharia ambigua(Peck)Zeller,Pluteus karstedtiae Menolli,Justo & Capelari,P.variabilicolor Babos,P.velutinus C.K.Pradeep,Justo & K.B.Vrinda,Agrocybe firma(Peck)Singer,Pseudobaeospora wipapatiae Desjardin,Hemmes & B.A.Perry.Thirty-seven genera and 274 species are new to Hubei Province.The genare new to Hubei province are as follows: Ascocoryne,Chlorencoelia,Neobulgaria,Scleromitrula,Dumontinia,Discina,Tolypocladium,Abieticola,Melanophyllum,Micropsalliota,Xanthagaricus,Limacella,Clavulinopsis,Entocybe,Porpolomopsis,Gymnopilus,Flammulaster,Ossicaulis,Tephrocybe,Atheniella,Cystoagaricus,Pterula,Delicatula,Fayodia,Pseudobaeospora,Pseudoomphalina,Ripartites,Pistillaria,Typhula,Chiua,Porphyrellus,Zangia,Hygrophoropsis,Mycoleptodonoides,Byssomerulius,Ceriporia,Albatrellus.The species catalogue was arranged according to the taxonomic system of Dictionary of the Fungi(10th edition)and Index Fungorum.In the respect of mycobiota diversity,the family containing 10 species and above is defined as the dominant family of macrofungi in Western Hubei.Data sorting showed that there are 24 dominant families,which account for 25.53% of the total family of macrofungi in this area.These dominant families contain 608 species which account for 72.29% of the total species of macrofungi in this area.The dominant families are as follows: Agaricaceae,Russulaceae,Polyporaceae,Amanitaceae,Boletaceae,Marasmiaceae,Tricholomataceae,Inocybaceae,Entolomataceae,Pluteaceae,Hymenogastraceae,Psathyrellaceae,Meruliaceae,Mycenaceae,Omphalotaceae,Hymenochaetaceae,Strophariaceae,Fomitopsidaceae,Hygrophoraceae,Gomphaceae,Dacrymycetaceae,Pyronemataceae,Xylariaceae,and Cortinariaceae.There are 70 families with less than 10 species,which only contain 233 species altogether,accounting for 27.71% of the total species of macrofungi in this area,and they are in a subordinate position in this mycobiota.The genus containing 5 species and above is defined as the dominant genus of macrofungi in Western Hubei.Data sorting shows that there are 41 dominant genera,accounting for 13.90% of the total genera,and there are 439 species,accounting for 52.20% of the total species of macrofungi in Western Hubei.In terms of geographical composition of species,macrofungi in Western Hubei are mainly consist of the north temperate element and cosmopolitan element.Among them,206 species are belong to the north temperate element,168 species are belong to cosmopolitan element,accounting for 24.49% and 19.98% of the total species of macrofungi in Western Hubei respectively.Other floristic components,such as temperate-subtropical and tropical distribution species,Eurasia distribution species,East Asia-North America disjunctive distribution species,are also important components,accounting for 14.03%,12.49% and 11.06%,respectively.It is worth mentioning that China's endemic species account for 7.13% of the entire flora,and its rich and unique ingredients illustrate the importance of the ecosystem in Western Hubei.In the respect of species endangerment assessment and red list compilation,according to IUCN RED LIST Categories and Criteria,the endangerment degree of 841 macrofungi species were assessed,and the red list of macrofungi in Western Hubei was compiled.The results show that there are three vulnerable(VU)macrofungi species,Entoloma subclitocyboides W.M.Zhang,Gautieria chengdensis J.Z.Ying,Thelephora ganbajun M.Zang,which account for 0.36% of the total assessed species.In addition,8 macrofungi species were assessed as NT(Near Threatened),Cordyceps militaris(L.)Fr,Stropharia rugosoannulata Farl.ex Murrill,Chroogomphus orientirutilus Y.C.Li & Zhu L.Yang,Gomphus orientalis R.H.Petersen & M.Zang,Ramaria stricta(Pers.)Quél.,Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.)Pat.,Ganoderma sichuanense J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang,Artomyces pyxidatus(Pers.)Jülich.Two hundred and twenty-three macrofungi species were assessed as DD(Data Deficient),and 607 macrofungi species were assessed as LC(Least Concern).These macrofungi species assessed as VU,NT and DD are all species that require attention and protection.Therefore,there are 234 macrofungi species that need attention and protection,accounting for 27.82% of the total assessed macrofungi species of Western Hubei.