A Study On The User's Needs And Ensuring Strategies For Open Government Data In China

The World Economic Forum points out that "Data is a kind of valuable asset which will,like land and oil,become scarce strategic resources in economic operation".With the improvement of government informatization,the volume of data which is produced,collected and storaged by government and public sectors in their performance of the functions grows with high-speed,which has become valuable resource.Therefore,the developed countries,represented by the United States and Britain,have been taking a lead role in implementing open government data(OGD)initiatives and building national OGD portals,which have produced great political,economic and social benefits.Implementing "the National Big Data Strategy" was proposed on the 5th Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,with the opening and sharing of government data as the most primary one of "the three major tasks" and "the top ten projects".However,since OGD movement in China started late,there are some problems,include,among others,low open data degree,poor data flow,absence of data available for data innovation entrepreneurs.Required by the National Big Data Strategy,the establishment of OGD portal in China will be finished by the end of 2018,the related research of OGD is its important theoretical support with urgent need.This research mainly focus on the user requirements of OGD and its security strategies.There are three main research questions,the first one is what are the user groups,the user demands and the characteristics of user demands for OGD in China,the second one is to investigate the present supply situation of OGD in China and its barriers,the third step plan to propose the security strategies of China OGD users requirements,based on the study of the two former questions.This paper is divided into 7 chapters,the specific content of each part is as follows:Chapter 0,Introduction.The research background and significance is introduced.The relevant concepts of OGD,including open government affairs,government information publicity,open government data are explained and the research scope is defined.The theoretical basis of this research is discussed,which are needs-hierarchy theory,supply-demand theory and stakeholder theory.The research contents,research methodology and technical routes of this paper are also presented.Chapter 1,Literature Review.This paper comprehensively retrieves and searches the papers,research reports,policies and regulation documents,and other literature of OGD both in China and in foreign countries,and then systematically reviews the results of OGD concept research,user demand research,current situation and barriers research as well as security strategy research.The research progress is reviewed and the research deficiencies of OGD user requirements and security strategy are accurately grasped,which can provide references for the innovation of this paper.Chapter 2,Construction of User Demand Model and Research Hypothesis.Firstly,the stakeholder theory is adopted to identify OGD user groups in China.Secondly,the interviews and content analysis methods are utilized to determine the specific demands of users.Thirdly,the KANO model is employed to construct the user needs-hierarchy model of OGD in China.In addition,research hypotheses are proposed based on the constructed model.Chapter 3,Questionnaire Survey and Data Processing.Firstly,the process of the questionnaire survey is introduced,which are questionnaire design,questionnaire survey and data checking.Secondly,the questionnaires are initially analyzed,including the age,geographical distribution,occupational distribution,educated levels and disciplines of the surveyed respondents.Thirdly,the user requirements are preliminary analyzed using the method of KANO model.Chapter 4,Data Analysis of User Demands.The user's understanding of OGD is firstly concluded by the data analysis,including the perception of the concept,the use purpose,the access approaches and the charge or not of OGD.Secondly,based on method of KANO model,the hierarchical characteristics of user demands are quantitatively analyzed.The user demands have 4 levels,which are basic quality,performance quality,attractive quality and indifferent quality.Then,the differences of user demands are studied according to the variable factors,which means,users have different ages,education degrees,occupations and professional backgrounds have various demands for OGD.Finally,the previous research hypotheses are validated by the results of data analysis.Chapter 5,Current Situation and Barriers of the Supply of OGD in China.The research of current situation includes the investigation and statistics of existing portals,data themes and volume,data formats,portal functions,security and other functions.Then,according to the analysis of the user demands,the satisfaction degree of the current OGD portals to the user demands is studied.Finally,based on the results of both questionnaire survey and network survey,5 supply barriers of OGD in China are analyzed,including data source,data sharing,data security,data quality and data portal function.Chapter 6,Security Strategies for User Demands of OGD in China.This chapter is the foothold of this research.The policy and regulation system guarantee of China OGD is the primary one in the study of user demands security strategy,including the establishment of the main responsibility system,government data cooperating and sharing system and performance management system.The second one is the standard specification guarantee of China OGD,including the formation of metadata standards,format standards,license agreement standards.The third one is the portal construction guarantee of China OGD,including the phased construction of the function,operational guarantee,"system-manpower-technology" systematic model and security.The last one is other security strategies of China OGD,which are the strategy orient to the hierarchy and differentiation of user demands,more works of promoting the popularity,and holding the application development contests.Chapter 7,Summary and Prospect.Firstly,the shortcomings of research methods and research perspectives are summarized.And then,based on the current process and environment of China government informatization,the paper puts forward the prospect of user requirements and its security strategy in OGD field in the future study.