Economics Research, Development And Spatial Layout Of China's Broadcasting Industry

In this paper, the spatial medium industry, Radio and TV industry(Broadcasting Industry), which has dual attributions of politics and economy has been analyzed and researched from multi-scales and deep-levels by the research methods of combining theory and demonstration, merging qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. At first, the industrial development of broadcasting in China has been researched. Then the rule and difference of industrial spatial distribution, the industrial spatial cluster based on labor productivity, the spatial difference of industrial procreative efficiency, industrial general Competitive Power and the force of Broadcasting Industry on regional economy etc. have been analyzed. In the end, the countermeasures coping with the global competition of media, and the development stratagem of Broadcasting Industry in the future have been brought forward too.This paper is divided into eleven chapters, with the main themes of each chapter as following:In Chapter one, the objectives and meanings of the research have been proposed, relevant researches done home and abroad have been depicted and evaluated, and the basic methodology and main ideals of this paper have been introduced.Chapter two is focused on the theoretical study of new spatial economics theory, theory on regional development, theory about Radio and TV media, theory of industrial core competitive power and influencing power.In Chapter three, on the base of theories, conceptions on radio and TV, development modes of radio and TV with the two characteristic of mouthpiece and industry in the word have been research by comparison. Then the development for twenties years, industrial structure and income structural model of Broadcasting Industry in China have been analyzed. Because of the political system and historical cause, Broadcasting Industry in China is different from public or commercial radio and TV in West. In China, Broadcasting Industry has experienced three stages: commonweal, half commonweal and commerce. But even in the stage of commerce it could not be commercial completely, for the setting and running of radio stations and TV stations have to operate under administrative controls. Though the emergence is later and its development in industrial aspect is slower in China, with the appearanceand development of cable-casting and Community Antenna Television (CATV), the capacity of making profits for Broadcasting Industry in China is stronger continuously, and the quotient by appropriating funds from central government dividing total income has been dropping constantly.In Chapter four, in order to reveal the regional otherness of Broadcasting Industry in China, from the point of industrial development and income composing, analyzing and researching quantificationally on governmental financing, level of making profits, advertising capability and componential difference of other income in different regions etc. have been done. As an industry for the production of psychic output, Broadcasting Industry in China has the same spatial distribution as GDP, namely, the productivity raised higher and higher from west to east. Considering the public service characteristic of radio and TV, to the western part of China where broadcasting condition is very poor, it could not develop by itself, so supporting from central government and help from developed area in east are very important at present, then it is possible to reduce the gap between west and east.In Chapter five, the ulterior spatial difference and convergence have been mined. Under the support of theory and models of spatial econometrics, spatial statistics, labor economics and GIS technology, during the analysis of industrial development and spatial distribution of Broadcasting Industry in China, Diagram Analysis Method, Pearson Correlation, the Spatial Autoregressive Model, LISA, the Generalized Spatial Model and panel data model etc. have been applied. And the same solutions have been drawn just as in Chapter four. There are certain rules in spatial distribution and spatial congregation of provincial Broadcasting Industry in China. The highest developing level provinces all lie in the eastern part of China, the most developed region. These provinces at all times are hotspot regions of Broadcasting Industry in China in recent years, and provinces in the western part of China are cold spot regions. On the other hand, the dependence of Broadcasting Industry on regional economical development level and annual disposable income in urban residents is stronger and stronger.Labor productivity is an important criterion which can be used to weight industrial energy, In Chapter six, using the indexes of labor productivity and comparative labor productivity, demonstration analysis on region difference of industrial employment and labor productivity of Broadcasting Industry in China have been done from the scale of three parts, provinces, cities and counties. And the solution indicates that Broadcasting Industry has the much highest procreativeefficiency than Three Branch Industries, and the gap expands sequentially. There are different spatial congregating characteristics of each scale. For Broadcasting Industry in China, most cities and counties in Yangtse Rive drainage area and Zhujiang Rive drainage area are marked hotspot regions, by contraries, those in middle and west area are cold spot regions. In particular, though from province scale, Yunnan Province and Sichuan Province belong to developing provinces of Broadcasting Industry, there are large numbers of counties in the two provinces which are hotspot regions of labor productivity.The analysis of input and output is the important researching content in industry economics. In Chapter seven, BC~2 model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been used to evaluate the Broadcasting Industry efficiency of thirty provinces in China from 1997 to 2004. During the course, procreative efficiency points of each year have been calculated, then procreative front surface has been protracted, at last superfluous devotion rate in each year and accumulative total have been computed. Shanghai City, Guangdong Province and Beijing City are the delegates of high-input-high-output, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Tibet Autonomous Region are delegates of low-input-low-output, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uigur Municipality and Gansu Province are regions of high-input-low-output.In order to weight the congregate degree of Broadcasting Industry in China quantificationally, in Chapter eight, by the indexes such as discrete degree industrial structure, industry centralizing index, comparatively convergence index, regional specialization index etc., and under the spatial statistical models and GIS tools, the spatial distribution and spatial congregation of Broadcasting Industry in China in different periods have been analyzed and researched. The spatial congregative intension of Broadcasting Industry is much higher than Three Branch Industries. Broadcasting Industry in China is on the growing stage in both countrywide and provincial scale. And there are two-part provinces in China whose congregative degrees of Broadcasting Industry are higher than the average level of countrywide.Because of the non negligible political and economical attribute of Broadcasting Industry, the general evaluation to it has to give attention to two aspects, both economical benefit and social benefit. In Chapter nine, the general evaluating indexes system has been established, and by using impersonal coefficient method, the general competitive power of radio and TV media in 31 provinces in China in 2000 and 2004has been evaluated. The general media competitive powers among these provinces are different from each other greatly. The advantage in the following provinces such as Shanghai City, Zhejing Province, Guangdong Province, Jiangsu Province and Beijing City is very evident, and Guizhou Province and Gansu Province in the western part of China drop behind. In the last four years, the general competitive powers from most of provinces have the increasing tendency, but the extents are unequal and the changing reasons are different. In the developed region, it is the enhancement of industrial degree which brings strength of competitive power, but in the developing region in west, it is just the subsidy from governments which boosts up the industry strength. Broadcasting Industry in Yangtse Rive drainage area, Zhujiang Rive drainage area and Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan area are highly developed. Analysis on the general competitive power of Broadcasting Industry has been done too for the 34 cities in these regions in this chapter. The cities which lie on both ends in the rank have obvious difference. Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen take the advantage of industrial competitive power, the scoring Chengde City falls short of one fifth, and small difference in other cities. There are obvious differences in the three areas. The rank from high to low is Yangtse Rive drainage area, Zhujiang Rive drainage area and Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan area. With the competition heavily among homogeneous and heterogeneous media, fighting for advertisement breaks out constantly. In this Chapter, there are eighteen cities in China which have been chosen to analyze the difference and the cause of city TV advertisement competitive capability from the aspects of attraction from local TV station, audience rating of programs and TV advertisement inputting potential capability.As an ideology, Broadcasting Industry could bring influence on region economy from the direct, indirect or overflowing channel. In Chapter ten, the positive and negative force of Broadcasting Industry to region economy have been analyzed qualitatively, models have been used in analyzing the effective degree of advertisement to regional economy, then the force population development level on advertisement has been analyzed and at last three examples have been provided to illuminate the function Broadcasting Industry makes on the development of regional economy by motivating Recreational Economy, affecting national economy and pursing the course of citification.In the eleven Chapter which is also the last chapter, after analysis the advantages and disadvantages when encountering the global competition in Broadcasting Industry,the countermeasures have been put forward. On the other hand, setting out from a tiny drop effect and polarization effect of Broadcasting Industry, and considering the dual attribute of Broadcasting Industry, the development stratagem of Broadcasting Industry in the future has been brought forward too.