Research On The Coordination And Process Mechanism Of China’s Compulsory Standards

Compulsory standards are an important part of the technical standard system in China, which plays fundamental role in adjusting the industrial structure, regulating market’s order, improving product’s quality, strengthening the social management and service, perfecting people’s livelihood, conserving resources, protecting environment etc. However, in the face of the transformation of government functions, improving the socialist market economic system, the system of compulsory standards are still have some problems like not adapting and not keeping up. First of all, the unified management system of compulsory standards need to be strengthened. Relating to health and safety, the government must take control of the compulsory standards well. At present, 28 ministries and 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government had published more than 10,000 in the three level of national, industrial and local compulsory standards. The problems of the standardization of the management of compartmentalization, multiple developing dispersion, standard’s code, number and distribution channels are not unified, a huge number, multifarious content, unclear scope etc. are becoming more and more prominent. These problems will cause certain degree of repetition and contradiction, non-conducive to a unified national market, confusing the enterprise and society to implement them and will also increase the cost of the government’s management. At the same time, the compulsory standards developing procedures are unreasonable which will not fully reflect their mandatory attribution. Some of the compulsory standards don’t fulfill the obligation of reporting WTO. The guidance, supervision and feedback of implementing compulsory standards’ policy is not enough. Some compulsory standards are not effectively implemented which have caused serious affection to the authority and the compulsory standards themselves.The Transformation of The Institutional Reform Plan of the State Council proposed to strengthen the construction of technical standard system and required that a coordinating compulsory and recommended technical standards system should be basically completed by the end of 2015 to meet the needs of social and economic and technological development. Compulsory standards with the purpose of protecting the health, safety and environment stipulate the process of economic and social activities or their results and must be asked to perform operational procedure or inspection technology. Therefore, to perfect the compulsory standards’ management, first of all it should be combined with China’s social and technological development and the economy’s actual demand, with the purpose of safety, system and mechanism innovation, release the reform dividend, meet the requirements under the environment of market economy "bottom line", and coordinate with the relevant WTO/TBT requirements. Secondly, to integrate and optimize the system of compulsory standards, ensure the uniqueness of technology "bottom line". In unity, unified project approval and issue basis, various departments and local governments take part in the standard development, implementation and supervision. Government’s leading role should be strengthened during developing compulsory standards, and ensure the industry associations, enterprises, technical institutions and consumer representatives and other related parties participate in widely which will reflect the will of the state and the public interest. Finally, to establish and perfect a more clear, transparent operation, responsibility standard developing procedure, the scientific definition of technology content, strengthening supervision of standard’s implementation, improve their scientific and authoritative. Based on the above consideration, through optimizing the standard structure, perfect organization system, improve the process management, enhance service ability of system reform measures, the formation of reasonable structure, appropriate scale, content, implementation of the new compulsory standards with scientific and effective management mechanism will be established. The main contents and achievements of this paper include:(1) The key theory of compulsory standardsCompulsory standards play an important role which can not be ignored in the social and economic development in China, but the compulsory standards shall make a change according to the need of development. Although a strong practice of compulsory standards, but as a technical specification, it still exists in accordance with the laws of their own development principle. By combing the compulsory standards system in China, respectively, to the national compulsory standards, industry compulsory standards and local compulsory standards and made a deep analysis, and from the dimension of classification, applicable objects, the development of other potential contrast, draw the national compulsory standards necessary to replace the other two kinds of compulsory standards, and that is the trend of the reform of compulsory standards.(2) The legal attribute of the compulsory standardsCompulsory standards have legal attribute in the ideal level, and in real terms have become the legal feasibility. compulsory standards in the legal system should belong to administrative regulations. Through the analysis of the subject to development and efficiency, from the nature factor and the two decisive factors, compulsory standards can be divided into the legal validity of administrative regulations. In order to rise its legal level, this division to administrative regulations is more appropriate, applicability, flexibility and more conducive to play the compulsory standards’ performance.(3) Establishing coordination mechanism of compulsory standards’ management mechanismConstruct a new managing mechanism at the State Council’s level and Standardization Administration Committee’s level, the coordination mechanism of mutual connection compulsory standard management mechanism. Using evolutionary game theory, the new coordination mechanisms will not only demonstrate and prove the feasibility of the mechanism, but also pointed out that the relevant work to further improve the mechanism of it. In view of the role of standardization technical committees in the compulsory standards for the revision of intermediary organization can not be ignored in the whole process of argumentation theory, improvement of standardization technical committees and coordination mechanism in the new management of the interaction between the use of Pareto, and got its indispensable role.(4) Building compulsory standards revision processThe current national standard developing procedure is just suitable for recommended standards. According to the demand of the revision properties compulsory standards itself and to rise the administrative rules and regulations, it need to be separated from the current developing procedure. Based on the approving, drafting, examination and approval the four level review, and from the work flow and management indexes in two aspects, this paper teased out the relevant departments’ role during this procedure and works out the management index of each stage to comply with compulsory standards’ developing and revision job. Then it used the process capability index and process capability evaluation method theory to assess the compulsory standards developing and revision process. Through referring to the multiple program with multiple variable process capability index calculation method, and used the thought of system engineering, the construction can be used to the compulsory standards’ developing and revision process.In this paper, after in-depth and systematically research with the key theory of compulsory standards, legal attribute, coordination mechanism, the developing and revision process mechanism, the key innovations are mainly reflected in the following aspects:(1) Demonstrate the legal attribute of compulsory standards and its position in the legal system. Compulsory standards have legal attribute in the ideal level and in real terms have become the legal feasibility. Through the aspects of the subject to develop and the effectiveness of such research and analysis, the compulsory standards in the legal system should belong to administrative regulations.(2) Construct the coordinating mechanism of compulsory standards management mechanism under the State council level and SAC level. Compulsory standards raised to administrative regulations, need to construct a coordinating mechanism for the new management mechanism from the State Council level and the Standardization Administration Committee level, at the same time, using the evolutionary game theory, made the feasibility study for the government departments of standardization management in this new coordination mechanism.(3) Build the process controlling mechanism for the compulsory standards. Starting from the "standard" properties, from the approving, drafting, reviewing and reexamining four aspects, the paper construct the work flow and management indicators from two aspects to tease out the relevant departments’ role during the developing and revising process with the management index in each stage to comply with compulsory standards’ developing and revising job.