Research On Regional Fire Risk Assessment And Fighting Rescue Strength Layout Optimization

As the economic development and the unceasing enhancement of urbanized level, many infrastructures are welled up such as high-rise buildings, large-scale underground projects, chemical plant, water conservancy engineering, nuclear power plants, and public gathering locations. The population density and the gross of construction and wealth are increasing unceasingly. Damage which is caused by fire tends to be more serious.This paper regards regional fire risk assessment and fighting rescue strength layout optimization as the research object, develops the fire-fighting management level of cities in our country and makes resource being used more efficiently in the basis of following works: quantifying relative fire history, forecasting the probability of unknown fire, monitoring and controlling areas which tend to be easier to be caused fire, evaluating present fire fighting rescue strength, and optimizing the layout of firehouse. Therefore, this paper has great significance on reality, In addition, this paper has already passed Nation and Shanghai' acceptance as their key scientific and technological project, its result manifestation higher practical value.Around originally selected works, this paper mainly launched a great deal of research overview from regional fire risk assessment, fighting rescue strength layout assessment and optimization by investigating on the spot and comparison etc, study a method, analyzing flourishing some related theories in the nation and method of the United States, England and Japanese etc., and inquiry into our country Hong Kong and the applied method of the hinterland latest research result and maturity, combine a local actual movement circumstance in the meantime, point out to have already had shortage and this thesis main research purpose of the research.On the basis of the research on fire fighting rescue layout in our country, thispaper from several foliowings start a study and obtained innovation of research result:(1) Regional fire risk assessment. This paper passes to study to definition, classification and standard of the regional fire risk, setting up basic principles and methods of regional fire risk assessment. On the basis of the research, This paper regards Residents' a fire risk and Personnel/property fire risk as research objects, analyzed ratings, valuation model and the fire fight safe measure etc. of related fire risk, built up the valuation method of residents a fire risk in the district and personnel/property to construct the valuation method of a fire risk intensively from the theories. Furthermore, this paper depended on Shanghai's fire statisticses through the years with heavy especially conflagration case is basis, verified the usefulness of above-mentioned method.(2) Regional fire fighting rescue strength layout appraisal. Firstly, there are three targets to measure the fire fighting rescue strength set-out capabilities in certain areas in past. The targets are fire prevention response time, fire engine set-out target and firemen set-out target. In this foundation, the fire station layout appraisal and the fire vehicle equipment and the personnel layout appraisal method are proposed. This paper put forward the concept of regional fire fighting rescue strength layout appraisal for the first time, and set up appraisal index sign system and method, and analyzed the coverage proportion of firehouse response, the coverage proportion firehouse overlapping response as well as the performance promotion of average running time of the city fire prevention response.(3) Regional fire fighting rescue strength layout optimization. This paper set up optimization objective of regional fire fighting rescue strength layout by setting its basic principles and methods. On the basis of above analysis, An appraisal method of firehouse layout and an appraisal method of fire vehicle equipment layout have been established. This layout will carry on the optimized layout to the city fire fighting rescue strength, which is according to the result of regional fire risk appraisal. The result of regional fire risk appraisal stems from analysis of the demand of fire fighting rescue strength in the most disadvantageous scene, the layout of firehouse and the allocation of fire fighting strength, etc. All the analysis is on the basis of the socialreceptivity to foreseen risk as well as the division of various regional risks. In addition, it also has used some methods such as Discrete Location-Allocation Model, Set Covering, Maximal Covering and P-Median.(4) Finally, This paper returned to take A City and B City as two examples to carry on a research respectively, inquiry into a research further from the substantial evidence of possibility. The practice indicated that the research is comprehensive and systemic in view of the fire fighting rescue strength in the country. Not only has it the significant value theoretically, but also has obtained scientific research achievement which is full of actual effect and popularization value in the practice.