Research On Layout Optimization Of Fire Rescue Station Based On Urban Fire Risk Assessment

The city is an important place for human habitation life,urban safety is an important guarantee people’s production and life.Fire is the most frequent and destructive disaster in the city,which can easily cause large casualties and property losses.As the process of urbanization continues to accelerate,the current urban rate has reached more than 60%.Large numbers of people gather in cities,and places such as enterprises,large shopping malls,and high-rise buildings are highly concentrated.While bringing about economic development,it also produces a large number of fire and rescue safety requirements.Urban fire safety has always been a hot spot of social concern.However,the situation of urban fire safety in my country is still severe.the total number of fire rescue stations is insufficient and structural problems are prominent,There are more than 100,000 urban fires every year,causing economic losses of up to several billion yuan.so it is necessary and urgent to optimize the layout of fire rescue stations based on fire risk assessment.This paper establishes a city fire risk assessment index system,conducts a comprehensive fire risk assessment of Baoding’s downtown area,and proposes an optimization strategy for the layout of fire rescue stations based on the assessment results.The main contents of the thesis research are:Construction and analysis of urban fire risk assessment index system.The definition,principles and procedures of urban fire risk assessment are introduced,and the influencing factors of fire occurrence,development and spread are systematically analyzed.Based on previous urban fire risk assessments by scholars,four element layers of urban area information,urban fire risk sources,historical fire disaster conditions,and fire rescue capabilities have been determined.Select 24 index factors to construct an index system for urban fire risk assessment.Empirical research on fire risk assessment in Baoding city center.According to the author’s field investigation and related data query,according to the method of urban fire risk assessment,the fire risk index of Baoding’s downtown area is calculated to be 3.283,and the fire risk level is high.Based on the in-depth analysis of the four elements of urban area information,fire risk sources,historical fire disasters,and fire rescue capabilities,Four main reasons for the high fire risk in Baoding city center :(1)The population density is too high,and the vulnerable population and below junior high school The proportion of the population with academic qualifications is too high;(2)A large number of high-value cultural relics and historical sites overlap with commercial districts;(3)With the development of emerging industries,the load of gas pipelines and electricity consumption has risen sharply;(4)Fire rescue stations,fire water sources,Fire-fighting equipment and other large-scale total "gap" and structural "arrears" problems are prominent.Optimization strategy for the layout of the fire rescue station in the downtown area of Baoding.Divide the downtown area of Baoding into 9 fire risk zones,use the method of fire risk assessment to evaluate the 9 fire risk zones,and use the method of systematic clustering to divide the 9 fire risk zones into three areas: high-risk,medium-risk,and low-risk Level,determine the fire response time of different risk level zones as 5min,8min and 12 min respectively.Use the collective coverage model to find out the number and location of fire rescue stations covering all demand points,combine the maximum coverage model and the site selection principle of fire rescue stations to modify the fire rescue stations,and then use the P-center model to combine different levels of fire risk The fire-fighting response time of the zoning and the division of responsibility zoning were finally obtained.The optimized plan for the fire and rescue station in the downtown area of Baoding is to add 8 fire and rescue stations on the basis of the existing 10,and carry out the area of the existing fire protection responsibility area.optimization.