Impact Of Trade Facilitation On The Export Quality Of Processed Agricultural Products

With the development of international agricultural product market,the competition of agricultural product trade is becoming more intense.How to promote the competitiveness of agricultural products industry has become a key issue to be resolved by all countries.In recent years,modern agriculture construction of China has been accelerated and the processing industry of agricultural products has developed rapidly.However,due to the extensive growth of domestic agriculture,the sustainable development of our country’s agriculture has been seriously affected.Coupled with the disappearance of China’s demographic dividend has led to a rapid rise in the cost of domestic agricultural production,further reducing international competitiveness.At the same time,agriculture has always played a large role in the economies of the countries along the “Belt and Road”.Although the comparative advantages of countries along the Belt and Road are reflected in different aspects,they can effectively realize resource integration through trade cooperation.Most of them are developing countries.There are great differences in policy orientation,infrastructure,national strength and cultural connotations,which will undoubtedly reduce the degree of trade facilitation among countries among them.It means that high-quality Belt and Road is very important for countries along the “Belt and Road”.Based on the above background,this paper takes China and the countries(regions)along the “Belt and Road” as the research object,and measures the export quality of processed agricultural products of each country(regions)from 2008 to 2019.Then we use the efficiency of port,customs quality,the efficiency of supervision,technology innovation four aspects of the system to measure trade facilitation,combined with descriptive statistical analysis and empirical analysis.Finally,we explore the effect of trade facilitation on the export quality of processed agricultural.The specific contents include:(1)to measure the trade facilitation indicators and the export technology complexity,master their changes.PRODY and EXPY indices were used to measure the export quality of processed agricultural products at the product level and at the macro level in the countries(regions)along the “Belt and Road” to measure the export quality.We select 14 second-level indicators,construct the trade facilitation indicator system by principal component analysis,and compare the development trend and differences among different countries(regions).(2)empirical analysis.An empirical analysis of the relationship between them using a fixed-effects model,the robustness analysis is carried out by using system GMM model and using port quality and customs burden to measure trade facilitation.(3)heterogeneity analysis.Categorising China,Hong Kong and 54 “Belt and Road” countries(regions)according to their geographical environment and economic basis.At the same time,the processed agricultural products are combined according to the nature of the industry and the number of samples,so as to analyze the heterogeneity.(4)effect channel inspection.Four first-level indicators,namely port efficiency,customs environment,regulatory environment and technological innovation,were constructed through 14 second-level indicators,we explore the effect mechanism of trade facilitation on export quality of processed agricultural products.Based on the above analysis,the conclusions include:(1)from 2008 to 2019,the export scale of China and countries(regions)along the Belt and Road kept expanding,and trade facilitation and export quality of processed agricultural products kept improving.(2)trade facilitation significantly promotes the export quality of processed agricultural products,and the scale of agricultural labor force and human capital will hinder processed agricultural products to enhance the export technology complexity.(3)the results of heterogeneity analysis show that trade facilitation has a significant effect on the export quality of processing of agricultural products for different geographical locations or economic basis countries(regions)and different products,but the size of the effect is different.Specifically,for Asian countries(regions)and European and African countries(regions),the effect is significantly positive,and in descending order.The effect of trade facilitation on the export quality of processed agricultural products in high-and middleincome countries(regions)is larger than that in low-and middle-income countries(regions).The significant effect of trade facilitation on the export quality was seen in all types of processed agricultural products,with the strongest effect in wood and furniture products and the weakest in textile products.(4)trade facilitation promotes the export quality of processed agricultural products mainly through improving port efficiency and changing regulatory environment.Based on the above findings,the policy recommendations include:(1)China and the countries(regions)along the “Belt and Road” should provide favorable conditions for increasing the export quality of processed agricultural products by increasing the level of trade facilitation.We should take multiple measures to promote the development of export markets for processed agricultural products.(2)different types of countries(regions)should,in the light of their geographical environment and level of development,bring their advantages into full play,try to make up for their disadvantages and shortcomings.(3)China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” should focus on improving port efficiency and regulatory environment in a two-pronged approach to improve the export quality and export competitiveness.