Study On The Change Of Rural Women’s Conception Of Fertility And Its Influencing Factors

Population decline is a serious development trend that China is currently facing.From 2016 to 2021,China’s natural population growth rate decreased from6.53 ‰ to 0.34 ‰ at an average annual rate of 1.2 thousandths.This trend has also spread to rural areas in China.According to the survey,by the end of 2022,the permanent resident population in rural areas in China was 49.104 million,a decrease of 7.31 million.Population factors are not only closely related to culture,but also the cornerstone of social and economic development.Therefore,investigating the manifestations of rural population decline and exploring the reasons for the decline in rural fertility rate is not only of important value for investigating changes in rural culture in China,but also a topic related to rural revitalization.This article mainly analyzes the phenomenon of rural population decline from the perspective of fertility culture through a field survey of women’s fertility views in Shiyan rural areas.article is divided into six parts.The first part mainly introduces the current situation of the precipitous decline in China’s population,and analyzes the significance of studying the concept of fertility in realizing the great cause of rural revitalization in China.The second part introduces China’s traditional fertility culture with patriarchal clan system as the core and the transformation process of rural women’s fertility concept in the modern social changes,as well as the theoretical basis for this study,namely,the child cost-utility theory and Weber’s sociological methodology,in an effort to explore the influencing factors of rural women’s fertility concept changes by combining empirical and analytical methods.The third to fifth parts are the main body of this article.Through five targeted questionnaires and face-to-face interviews,integrating the results of the survey,this article summarizes the characteristics of the development of women’s reproductive outlook in Shiyan rural areas:the number of ideal children is reduced,and the desire to have children is not high;The ideal gender is biased towards women,and the concept of raising children and preventing aging is weakened;The ideal childbearing age is delayed and the initial childbearing age is increased.This paper analyzes the new trends in women’s reproductive outlook in Shiyan rural areas:the shift from naturalized reproductive behavior to rational reproductive choices,the shift in childcare concepts towards happiness orientation,the decrease in the influence of traditional reproductive outlook,and the shift in cognition of happiness.And it emphatically summarizes the influencing factors of the changes in women’s reproductive attitudes in Shiyan rural areas:the collapse of the dual cultural structure between urban and rural areas caused by the construction of public space by new media,the increasingly significant contradiction between the adjustment of reproductive policies and the transformation of childcare concepts,rural women increasingly paying attention to the opportunity cost of childbirth,and the neglect of individualized reproductive motivation in the process of reproductive policy promotion.The sixth part is based on the analysis of phenomena and factors,and proposes solutions aimed at improving rural women’s negative reproductive attitudes and increasing their reproductive willingness:Firstly,the society should strengthen the propaganda of the mainstream media on the concept of healthy reproduction;Second,the reform of the educational system should guide the transformation of childcare concepts and weaken the complex of high academic qualifications;Third,inherit and carry forward traditional excellent family concepts,and create a new era of fertility culture;Finally,the government should improve the social security system and provide rural women with reproductive support.