Study On The Influencing Factors Of Rural Residents’ Reproductive Intention

China began to implement the family planning policy in the 1970 s,which effectively controlled the problem of excessive population growth,but also brought new population problems.Since 1992,China’s total fertility rate has remained below the generation replacement level of 2.1.In 2016,China’s comprehensive two child policy was liberalized,but it did not significantly improve the fertility level.Therefore,China implemented the three child policy in 2021.It is necessary to study the fertility intention closely related to the fertility level for the improvement of China’s fertility rate and the change of population structure.The rural population is large,and the fertility will is higher than that of cities and towns.Therefore,studying the influencing factors of rural residents’ fertility will and putting forward the methods to improve rural residents’ fertility will be of great help to improve China’s fertility rate.This paper systematically combs the relevant research literature of reproductive intention,and summarizes the research results from the connotation of reproductive intention,the changes of different dimensions of reproductive intention,and the factors affecting reproductive intention.This paper makes a theoretical hypothesis analysis on the factors that may affect rural residents’ fertility intention,including the economic and non economic dimensions in the two levels of individual and family,as well as the factors that may affect fertility intention in the macro social environment.According to the analysis,the corresponding assumptions are put forward for the economic and non economic factors in the two levels of individual and family in the research design.In order to test the hypothesis,this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between various influencing factors and rural residents’ reproductive intention by using the data of China comprehensive survey of social conditions(CSS)in 2019 and the measurement method of multiple ordered logistic regression,and studies the regional differences of factors affecting rural residents’ reproductive intention in different regions,as well as the factors affecting the gender preference of rural residents’ reproductive intention.Finally,the following conclusions are obtained: 1 The average number of ideal children of rural residents is about two.In the overall sample,more than 75% of rural residents expect to have two children,but 1.1% of rural residents are unwilling to have children and hope to become a "DINK family".2.In the economic dimension at the individual level,only engaging in agricultural work,high expectation of future social status,having medical insurance and maternity insurance will significantly improve the fertility wishes of rural residents,and high personal income,old-age insurance and unemployment insurance will significantly reduce the fertility wishes of rural residents;In the non economic dimension at the individual level,the older the age,ethnic identity and religious belief will significantly improve the reproductive intention of rural residents,and the higher the level of education will significantly reduce the reproductive intention of rural residents.In the economic dimension of family level,the better the family income and expenditure,the more family expenditure and the larger the area of self owned house,which significantly improves the fertility willingness of rural residents.In the non economic dimension,the greater the number of brothers and sisters will significantly enhance the fertility willingness of rural residents.3.The influence of individual factors on rural residents’ reproductive intention is greater than that of family factors.In the economic dimension of individual level,whether to have maternity insurance has the greatest impact on fertility intention;In the non economic dimension,the ethnic identity of residents has the greatest impact on the reproductive intention,and religious belief is also an important factor affecting the reproductive intention.Family expenditure at the family level has the greatest impact on the fertility willingness of rural residents.4.In terms of regions,rural residents in the western region have the highest fertility intention,followed by rural residents in the eastern region,and rural residents in the central region have the lowest fertility intention.Different ethnic identities have the greatest impact on the fertility wishes of rural residents in the West and central China.Ethnic identity will significantly enhance the fertility wishes of rural residents in the West;In the central region,Han ethnic group status will significantly enhance the fertility willingness of rural residents.The fluctuation of the total fertility rate of Han women of childbearing age is obviously affected by the fertility policy.The western region is relatively remote.The Han residents in the western region are less affected by the two child and three child policy than the Han residents in the central region.Therefore,the Han people in the central region have a higher fertility willingness.Receiving the minimum living security has the greatest impact on the fertility will of rural residents in the eastern region,which will significantly reduce their fertility will.The fertility cost in the eastern region is high.Receiving the minimum living security means that the survival of rural residents is a problem,so their fertility will is naturally not high.5.The preference of boys for rural residents’ fertility intention is no longer obvious.The sample proportion of boys’ preference and girls’ preference is close to1:1,and the rural residents with gender preference is close to 80%.Most rural residents want to have one child and one daughter.Gender factor is the most important factor affecting the gender preference of rural residents.Male rural residents tend to want boys and female rural residents tend to want girls.This paper also finds that the phenomenon of "raising children to prevent old age" still exists.Rural residents without endowment insurance tend to prefer boys,while rural residents with endowment insurance expect the same number of children.Finally,based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve fertility Willingness: 1 Improve the social security system and grasp the multiple impact of social security on fertility willingness.2.Encourage high-income and highly educated people to have children,and increase investment in medical treatment and infant care.3.Actively develop the economy and improve young people’s expectations for the future.4.Increase financial investment in childbirth and share the cost of family childbirth 5 Encourage people with high fertility desire to have children and provide them with help.