| ObjectiveTo investigate organizational silence among psychiatric nurses and applied ABC-X model to analyze its possible influencing factors,providing evidence to make intervention measures to improve organizational silence of psychiatric nurses.MethodsThis study adopted a cross-sectional design to facilitate the survey of 484 nurses from four psychiatric hospitals in Shandong Province from April,2021 to July,2022.The instruments included Nurses Organizational Silence Questionnaire,Nursing Job Stressor Inventory,Perceived Organizational Support Scale,Proactive Personality Scale,Perceived Stress Scale,and self-designed general information questionnaire.SPSS 22.0 software was used for data statistical analysis,including descriptive analysis,independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.Results1.The status of psychiatric nurses’ organizational silenceIn 484 psychiatric nurses,the total mean score of organizational silence among psychiatric nurses was(2.39±0.80),and 95(19.6%)of them had an upper medium level of organizational silence.The scores of each dimension from high to low were prosocial silence(2.65±0.99),negative silence(2.54±0.92),defensive silence(2.36±0.97),indifferent silence(1.96±0.78).Among them,141(29.1%)had above-medium prosocial silence,116(24.0%)had above-medium negative silence,101(20.9%)had above-medium defensive silence,and 35(7.2%)had above-medium indifferent silence.2.The relationship between general information and organizational silence of psychiatric nursesPsychiatric nurses aged 20-29 years old,with associate degree or below,single,contract,working experience ≤5years,primary professional title,not night shift,monthly income≤7000,scored lower in the total score of organizational silence than psychiatric nurses aged 30-39 years old,with bachelor degree or above,married,on regular payroll,working experience of 6 years or above,intermediate professional title,night shift,monthly income>7000(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Psychiatric nurses aged 20-29 years old,with associate degree or below single,contract,working experience ≤5 years,primary and senior professional title,not night shift,monthly income≤7000,scored lower in the dimension of negative silence than psychiatric nurses aged≥30 years old,with bachelor degree or above,married,on regular payroll,working experience of 6 years or above,intermediate professional title,night shift,monthly income>7000(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The defensive silence dimension score of psychiatric nurses with associate degree or below,contract system,no night shift and monthly income ≤7000 yuan is lower than that of psychiatric nurses with bachelor’s degree,on regular payroll,night shift and monthly income>7000(all P<0.01).Psychiatric nurses aged 20-29 years old,with college degree or below,single,contract,working experience ≤5 years,not night shift,monthly income ≤7000 had lower scores in prosocial silence dimension than psychiatric nurses aged 30-39 years old,with bachelor degree,married,on regular payroll,working experience≥ 6 years,night shift,monthly income>7000(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Psychiatric nurses aged 20-29 years old and≥40 years old,with college degree or below,contract,monthly income ≤7000 scored lower in the dimension of indifference silence than psychiatric nurses aged 30-39 years old,with bachelor degree and above,on regular payroll,monthly income>7000(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3.Stressors,resources,cognitive factors and their correlations with organizational silence in psychiatric nurses(1)Correlation between stressors and organizational silence in psychiatric nursesThe score for work stressors in psychiatric nurses was(65.93±21.07),which was significantly positively correlated with the total score for organizational silence(r=0.485,P<0.01)and scores for negative silence dimension(r=0.485,P<0.01),defensive silence dimension(r=0.431,P<0.01),prosocial silence dimension(r=0.372,P<0.01),inattentive silence dimension(r=0.351,P<0.01).(2)Correlation between resources and organizational silence of psychiatric nursesThe score for organizational support in psychiatric nurses was(44.17±12.58),which was significantly negatively correlated with the total score for organizational silence(r=-0.509,P<0.01)and scores for negative silence dimension(r=-0.551,P<0.01),defensive silence dimension(r=-0.446,P<0.01),prosocial silence dimension(r=-0.329,P<0.01),inattentive silence dimension(r=-0.378,P<0.01).The score for proactive personality in psychiatric nurses was(19.39±3.73),which was negatively correlated with the total score of organizational silence(r=-0.161,P<0.01)and scores for negative silence dimension(r=-0.095,P<0.05),defensive silence dimension(r=-0.201,P<0.01),prosocial silence dimension(r=-0.122,P<0.01),inattentive silence dimension(r=-0.125,P<0.01).(3)Correlation between cognitive factors and organizational silence in psychiatric nursesAmong 484 psychiatric nurses,the score of stress perception was(24.57±6.59),and 222(52.7%)of them were silent,which was significantly positively correlated with the total score of organizational silence(r=0.338,P<0.01)and scores for negative silence dimension(r=0.361,P<0.01),defensive silence dimension(r=0.335,P<0.01),prosocial silence dimension(r=0.218,P<0.01),inattentive silence dimension(r=0.269,P<0.01).4.The multiple linear regression analyses of psychiatric nurses’ organizational silence(1)The positive influencing factors of the total score for organizational silence in psychiatric nurses were work stressors(β=0.231,P<0.001)and perceived stress(β=0.160,P<0.001);The negative influencing factor was perceived organizational support(β=-0.244,P<0.001).The three factors explained 35.2%of the variance in the total score of organizational silence(adjusted R2=0.352).(2)The positive influencing factors of negative silence in psychiatric nurses were work stressors(β=0.192,P<0.001)and perceived stress(β=0.146,P<0.001);The negative influencing factor was perceived organizational support(β=-0.335,P<0.001).The three factors explained 38.4%of the variance in negative silence(adjusted R2=0.384).(3)The positive influencing factors of defensive silence in psychiatric nurses were work stressors(β=0.217,P<0.001)and perceived stress(β=0.166,P<0.001);The negative influencing factor was perceived organizational support(β=-0.193,P<0.001)and proactive personality(β=-0.113,P=0.007).The four factors explained 29.2%of the variance in defensive silence(adjusted R2=0.292).(4)The positive influencing factor of prosocial silence in psychiatric nurses was work stressors(β=0.241,P<0.001),and explained 19.3%of the variance in prosocial silence(adjusted R2=0.193).(5)The positive influencing factors of indifference silence in psychiatric nurses were work stressors(β=0.140,P=0.01)and perceived stress(β=0.133,P=0.005).The negative influencing factor was perceived organizational support(β=-0.200,P<0.001)The three factors explained 19.5%of the variance in inattentive silence(adjusted R2=0.195).Conclusions1.The organizational silence of psychiatric nurses was in the lower middle level,and the incidence of prosocial silence was the highest.The organizational silence of psychiatric nurses needs to be improved,especially among those aged 30-39 years old,working for 6 years or more,on regular payroll,married,intermediate professional title,having night shift,high education and high-income.2.Work pressure is an important stressor event that causes silence of psychiatric nurses.Nursing managers can reduce work pressure by optimizing the working environment and process and activating the working atmosphere to reduce work pressure and prevent the occurrence of organizational silence.3.A good sense of organizational support is an effective resource for psychiatric nurses to resist organizational silence.Nursing managers can actively organize team building activities and promote logistic support measures to improve the sense of organizational support,so as to prevent the occurrence of organizational silence.4.Proactive personality is the inner motivation to resist defensive silence of psychiatric nurses.Nursing managers can create a safe and positive working environment,eliminate the anxious of psychiatric nurses with high prospective personality,and resist their organizational silence.5.Perceived stress is an important predictor of organizational silence in psychiatric nurses,suggesting that nursing managers can improve nurses’ stress cognition and coping ability through stress cognitive training to resist the occurrence of organizational silence. |
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