The Measurement And Feature Analysis Of Smile Curves In Global Energy Chain

The theory of “smile curve” describes the relationship between the position in the product chain of a company and profit that it obtains.In the value chain of “R&Dmanufacturing-marketing”,both ends of the value chain gain higher value added or profit,while the middle part gains higher value added or profit.Similar to Global Value Chain,embodied energy also has a production chain of "supply-manufactureconsumption",then whether there is a “smile curve” in Global Energy Chain? It’s important for all countries to improve energy efficiency and industrial upgrading,especially for the government of China.Based on the above analysis,this article refers to “measuring smile curves in global value chain”,and constructs an environmental input-output model.What’s more,we put forward index of “forward industrial linkage-based energy propagation length”from sector,country,and global dimensions,in order to measure the position in Global Energy Chain.Among this,the sector dimension index represents the number of times the producer’s energy used for product production,the country dimension index can reflect a country’s supply capacity of embodied energy,and the global dimension index can measure the inter-industry correlation in the Global Energy Chain.On this basis,the paper combines with the value-added rate to build a "smiling curve" in Global Energy Chain,and compares the manufacturing energy chain of China,the United States,Japan and Germany to evaluate the existence and universality of “smiling curve”in Global Energy Chain.The measurement results shows that :(1)The participants of the Global Energy Chain are secondary energy processing sector,processing and manufacturing sector,and transportation sector.(2)The forward industrial linkage-based energy propagation length in the world is increasing,which indicates that production division and trade cooperation are deepening in Global Energy Chain.(3)The factors of influencing the "smiling curve" of the Global Energy Chain are mainly the inherent attributes of the sector,the value-added rate of the secondary energy processing sector of the energy source country,and the value-added rate of the domestic manufacturing industry.(4)A“smile curve” are presented in the energy chains of China’s typical manufacturing industries,and it has shown a flattening trend.Besides,in the pre-fabrication stage of China’s manufacturing exports,the length of the energy chain keeps getting longer.(5)There is no "smiling curve" in the manufacturing energy chain of other economies.In particular,the energy chain of ICT industries in the United States has changed from a curve that lean to the up-right side to an "inverted U-shape".And Japan’s policy of“energy diplomacy” makes the upstream of the “smile curve” of the automobile energy chain “collapse” gradually.While the energy chain of German machinery and equipment manufacturing industry always shows a curve that lean to the up-right side.Finally,this article proposes policy suggestions from accelerating the pace of energy market reform,promoting high-quality development of manufacturing,and insisting on the road of intensive development.