| As a result of the expansion of the scope of human activities and the increase in the intensity of natural resource utilization,the natural ecological background has been damaged,habitat fragmentation has become serious,and natural ecological processes have been interfered with,resulting in the reduction of biodiversity,water pollution and other ecological problems;it is urgent to protect the ecological space and safeguard ecological functions.The construction of ecological civilization has become one of the important strategies for achieving sustainable development in China.The concept of "mountains,rivers,farmlands,lakes and grasses as a community of life" was put forward in the context of ecological civilization building,coordinated development of multifunctional space through the integration of natural elements across the whole region,and emphasizing the systematic thinking of ecological environmental protection.Landscape ecology achieves ecosystem systemicity and integrity by analyzing the interactions between landscape structure and ecological processes.Ecosystem networks based on landscape ecology theory can take into account all ecological elements of the ecosystem and safeguard the systemic and integrity of the ecosystem in terms of both ecological function and ecological structure,which is an effective way to realize the mountain-river-forestf-farmlandlake-grass life community.The Taishan area is an important ecological barrier in the North China Plain,and the interaction between human activities and the natural environment has formed a stable ecosystem,so ensuring its ecological security has significance for the security of the North China Plain ecosystem.This study,based on the progress of the study of "mountain-river-forestfarmland-lake-grass life community" and ecological network,clarifies the intrinsic connection and systemic relationship between humans and natural resources,and clarifies the importance of multi-objective ecological network construction for the integrated development of resources in the whole region.Using the Taishan area as an example,based on the assessment of the ecological background ecological risk,the Taishan area ecological network is constructed from the three objectives of ecological structure systemic,ecological process integrity and ecological service efficiency to guide ecological conservation restoration and ecological development.First,the ecological risk evaluation of the ecological background of Taishan area was conducted,and the ecological risk evaluation system was constructed based on the landscape pattern integrity index,and the results of the ecological risk evaluation were revised by principal component analysis to evaluate the interaction relationship between human activities and the ecological background of Taishan area.Based on the multi-objective identification of ecological sources,ecological structure systemic and ecological process integrity were targeted,and core areas with high connectivity were identified as ecological sources through morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)combined with landscape connectivity analysis;ecological structure systemic and ecological service efficiency objectives were targeted,and ecological conservation restoration pilot and ecological risk comparison analysis were used to identify ecological restoration pilot sites located in low ecological risk areas as ecological sources;ecological service efficiency was targeted,and high ecological service value areas were identified as ecological sources through ecosystem service value calculation,and the ecological sources identified under the three objectives were integrated to obtain 18 integrated ecological sources.For ecological corridor identification,rivers with ecological corridor functions were excluded from the ecological sources,leaving 15 ecological sources.Identification of potential ecological corridors between ecological sources using a Minimal Cumulative Resistance Model based on ecological resistance surfaces with ecological structural systemic and ecological process integrity goals,and interaction forces between two ecological sources were identified based on the gravity model from the point of view of ecological structure systemic,and potential ecological corridors between two ecological sources with strong interaction forces were identified as important ecological corridors,and a preliminary ecological network was formed.However,some of the ecological corridors are difficult to realize due to excessive resistance,so the ecological network is optimized from the ecological source,the ecological corridor and the ecological node to improve the connectivity of the ecological network.Based on the ecological service efficiency goal,the ecological sources are added to the larger vacancies in the buffer zone through the ecological sources radiation range coverage analysis,the status quo ecological corridor and the ecological nodes are identified based on the ecological structure systemic goal.Finally,all ecological sources,ecological corridors and ecological nodes were superimposed and integrated to obtain the Taishan regional ecological network consisting of 19 ecological sources,19 important ecological corridors,45 general ecological corridors and 19 ecological nodes,and the effectiveness of ecological network optimization was confirmed by network connectivity analysis,constructed the ecological network structure of Taishan regional.Based on the results of the ecological network,we compare and analyze the deficiencies of the existing red line of ecological protection in the Taishan area,and guide and optimize the red line of ecological protection in the Taishan area,also guiding the ecological conservation and restoration strategies of various ecological elements,and provide scientific guidance for the further implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects in mountain,forest,farmland,lake and grass,and enhancing the value of ecological products in accordance with the characteristics of natural and human resources in each ecological zone.Based on the development concept of "Eco+",and based on the background characteristics and restoration goals of the Taishan Eco-region,the Dawen River-Dongping Lake Eco-region and the Xiaoqing River Eco-region,we propose industrial development strategies for each eco-region to realize the transformation of natural resources to natural assets. |
