Study On The Coupling And Coordinated Development Of "Economy-society-environment" Composite System In Resource Declining Cities

For a long time,resource declining cities have developed rapidly with rich natural resources.However,due to the constraints of nonrenewable resources,single industrial structure,extensive production mode and other factors,resource advantages have gradually transformed into resource disadvantages,forming a "resource curse",resulting in the imbalance of development in economy,society and environment.In 2013,the State Council issued the national sustainable development plan for resource-based cities(2013-2020),which pointed out that the transformation task of resource declining cities should be basically completed by 2020.At this stage,the transformation and development of resource declining cities has been basically completed,and the balanced and coordinated development of economic,social and environmental systems has become the top priority.Based on the theory of coordinated development and sustainable development,taking 23 typical resource declining cities from 2009 to2018 as the research object,this paper analyzes the coordination level of economic,social and environmental systems of resource declining cities in China,in order to promote the sustainable development of economic society and ecological environment of resource declining cities.Firstly,on the basis of literature analysis,21 indicators are selected from the economic,social and environmental systems to build a coordinated development evaluation index system,and then the comprehensive development index of each subsystem and the coupling and coordination of the "economy-society-environment" composite system are calculated.At the same time,the coupling and coordination level of typical resource declining cities and regional comprehensive cities is compared and analyzed.Finally,the obstacle degree model is introduced to analyze the main obstacle factors restricting coordinated development.The results show that:(1)From 2009 to 2018,the development level of economic,social and environmental subsystems in resource declining cities was low and there was no significant interannual change.Compared with 2009,the average economic development index and average environmental development index in 2018 increased by only 0.72% and 4.06%respectively.The average social development index showed a downward trend as a whole,and the index decreased by 21.58% compared with 2009.There is a relatively large gap with the average development level of all systems at the national level;On the whole,the "economy-society-environment" development coupling coordination degree of China’s resource declining cities showed a gradual downward trend.The average coupling coordination degree in 2018 was 0.59,a decrease of 4.84% compared with 2009.(2)There is a large gap in the coordination level among cities.In2009,among the 23 major resource declining cities,the coupling coordination degree of "economy society environment" was greater than0.7,that is,there were 6 cities at a good coordination level,namely Tongling,Shaoguan,Zaozhuang,Jiaozuo,Xinyu and Fushun,of which Tongling was the highest with a coupling coordination degree of 0.75;In2018,among the resource declining cities,the "economy society environment" coupling coordination degree was less than 0.55,that is,there were 8 cities in serious imbalance,namely Fushun,Liaoyuan,Baishan,Yichun,Hegang,Shuangyashan,Qitaihe and Baiyin,of which Baiyin was the lowest and the coupling coordination was only 0.49;From the average development level of coupling and coordination of resource declining cities in the past ten years from 2009 to 2018,the top three cities with coupling and coordination degree are Tongling,Jiaozuo and Xinyu,with coupling and coordination degrees of 0.73,0.72 and 0.68 respectively,while the three cities with the lowest coupling and coordination degree are Baiyin,Qitaihe and Hegang,with coupling and coordination degrees of 0.46,0.47 and 0.51 respectively.(3)In the comparison between resource declining cities and regional comprehensive cities,it can be found that the coupling coordination degree of "economy-society-environment" development of regional comprehensive cities is high.From 2009 to 2018,the coupling coordination degree reached more than 0.7,that is,the level of good coordination.From 2009 to 2015,the average coupling coordination index of resource declining cities was between 0.60 and 0.65,which was on the verge of imbalance.After 2015,the coupling coordination degree continued to drop below 0.6,and the system coordination degree further decreased to a moderate imbalance state.(4)According to the obstacle types of resource declining cities,they can be divided into economic obstacles,social obstacles and environmental obstacles.Economic obstacles include Wuhai,Fuxin,Yichun,Hegang,Shuangyashan,Tongling,Jingdezhen,Tongchuan,Baiyin and Shizuishan(10),while social barriers include Liaoyuan,Qitaihe,Huaibei,Xinyu,Pingxiang,Zaozhuang,Puyang and Luzhou(8),resource declining cities include Fushun,Baishan,Jiaozuo,Huangshi and Shaoguan(5).In the single factor diagnosis of each subsystem,the actual utilization of foreign capital in that year,the per capita urban road area and the proportion of science and technology expenditure,the per capita park green space area are the most important influencing factors of the economic,social and environmental system respectively.