Research On The Degree And Influence Mechanism Of Rural "Hollowing" In Ningxia

Under the wave of industrialization and urbanization,the rural population has migrated to the cities in large numbers in pursuit of higher income and better public services,resulting in a declining rural population and the gradual abandonment of rural settlements and even arable land,resulting in the"hollowing" of the countryside.The "hollowing" of the countryside has led to many problems such as waste of land resources,variation in the structure of the countryside,and incompatibility of the governance system,which are real problems that must be faced in the new era of "rural revitalization".This study focuses on the township scale,based on NPP_VIIRS remote sensing images(National Polar-orbiting Partnership_Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suit,NPP_VIIRS),socioeconomic statistics,and land use survey data,with 194 townships in Ningxia as the research object,the entropy value method was applied to analyze the degree of "hollowing" of Ningxia villages and its spatial distribution characteristics.And selects 11 factors,such as topography,location,transportation,population,economy,resource use,education,and medical care,to analyze their influence on the degree of "hollowing" of rural areas in Ningxia and their mode of action.The study concluded as follows:(1)The level of "hollowing" in rural Ningxia varies widely.The average value of "hollowing" of the rural population in Ningxia is 0.2918,hollowing out of rural houses is 0.398,and comprehensive rural "hollowing" is 0.3403.The maximum and minimum values of The combined "hollowing" are 0.5037 and 0.0459,for Malianqu Township and Jinxing Township of Litong District.The comprehensive "hollowing" level of the three districts is ranked from low to high:along the Yellow Economic Zone<southern mountainous area<central arid zone,showing an overall trend of high in the center and low in the south and north.(2)The spatial distribution of the degree of "hollowing" in rural areas of Ningxia is obvious.Among them,the economic zone along the Yellow River is mainly dominated by low-level hollowing out,while high and higher-level hollowing out is mainly distributed in areas such as Pingluo County and Qingtongxia City.The central arid zone is mainly dominated by low and medium-level hollowing,low-level hollowing townships are less,mainly distributed in Taiyangshan Township of Hongsibu District and Yuhai Township of Tongxin County,high and higher-level hollowing is mainly concentrated in areas north of Tongxin County and northeast of Haiyuan County;Ningnan Mountainous Area is mainly dominated by medium and medium high-level hollowing,low and lower level hollowing is mainly distributed in Yuanzhou District and eastern part of Panyang County,high-level hollowing is concentrated in Xingsheng Township of Jingyuan County.(3)The spatial aggregation characteristics of the "hollowing" of Ningxia villages are obvious.Among them,the hot spot area is mainly distributed in Pingluo County,Dawukou District,a continuous"piece" distribution;the secondary hot spot area is more scattered,forming four more continuous"piece" aggregation distribution patterns;the temperature point area as a whole is "up" distribution,mainly in Zhongning County,Hongxibu District,Concentric County;the cold spot area is mainly concentrated in Yinchuan City,forming a small-scale spatial aggregation;the secondary cold spot area around the cold spot area outward expansion,forming a "human" distribution,mainly in Helan County,Litong District,Qingtongxia City,Shapotou District,Yuanzhou District,Pengyang County,and other places.(4)The drivers of the "hollowing" of Ningxia’s countryside vary significantly in terms of the degree and mode of influence.The results showed that the number of elementary schools was positively correlated with the degree of "hollowing" of villages,while the average slope,distance from the county town,road density,total population of townships,GDP,and rural houses rate were negatively correlated with the degree of "hollowing" of villages.Among them,GDP has the greatest ifluence on the degree of "hollowing" of villages.(5)The types of "hollowing" in Ningxia’s countryside can be classified according to the way and degree of influence of various influencing factors on the "hollowing" of Ningxia’s countryside:topographic location-driven,social condition-driven and resource condition-driven,and strategies for beautiful countryside construction are proposed for each type of countryside according to its actual situation.This passage explores the characteristics and mechanisms of rural hollowing in Ningxia from the township scale,which helps to deeply understand the problem of rural hollowing in Ningxia and provides a basis for decision-making and planning to promote "rural revitalization" construction in Ningxia.