Investigation And Prevention Of Biological Factors Causing Biological Degradation Of Paper Archives

Under the five thousand years of Chinese civilization,paper is an important carrier of the Spiritual civilization of the Chinese nation,but also the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people.Paper files as a carrier of paper files,first produced in China,the Eastern Han Dynasty has been used in document writing,until now we still use paper files,its advantages are many,easy to manage and use.Protecting paper archives is an important means to prevent the loss of civilization,entrusted to our generation.However,paper archives are affected by a variety of environmental factors,a large number of retained paper archives have suffered varying degrees of damage,serious can not be repaired.In the process of preservation,the erosion of microorganisms and insects accelerates the deterioration of paper.Mildew caused by microbial reproduction,wormhole eaten by archival pests and stain caused by excreta are all thorny problems in paper archives protection.This paper explores the above problems and the main contents are as follows:1.Study on fungal diversity in paper archivesThe structural characteristics of fungus population in paper archives were analyzed.In order to better understand the composition of fungi in paper microbes,the photocopy of Volume 17 of Ci of Chu(1922)was sampled,and the species annotation,Alpha diversity analysis and function prediction based on Trophic mode were carried out through DNA extraction,high-throughput sequencing and data processing.The results showed that Candida,Aspergillus and Mortierella were dominant in phylum,and Ascomycota had the highest abundance(65.02%).At the genus level,the main genera were Candida(24.00%),Aspergillus(16.20%),Mortierella(10.74%),Fusarium(2.44%),Ganoderma,2.15%),Cladosporium(1.86%),Vishniacozyma(1.72%),Mucor(1.68%),Humicola,1.31%),Acremonium(1.19%),36.72% of other genera;In the analysis of Alpha diversity index,there were more species with low abundance and good uniformity,and the community structure of fungi was complex and stable.In the prediction analysis of fungal function,saprotroph(63.06%)accounted for a large number of fungi,and there were a large number of unclassified fungi(18.91%),and the taxa and functions were diverse in the sample.2.Study on cleaning paper mildew by biological surfactantDevelop green and efficient paper cleaning agent.For cleaning water,biological surfactant,biological enzyme three aspects of screening.Distilled water for cleaning water,through the literature selection by biosurfactant's influence on the enzyme activity and paper color,selection of huaihe glycolipids and betaine as active ingredients,compound with trypsin,papain and eventually made 7% of Huai glycolipids and 3% of papain tree combination,7% of betaine and 3% of papain combination,cleaning water distilled water,Temperature 35?,soaking time 30 min,cleaning rate can reach about 50%,and the cleaning agent has good anti-acid,anti-aging and reinforcement ability,to a certain extent to protect the internal structure of the paper fiber,to meet the cleaning requirements of the paper.3.Study on prevention and control of archive pests by plant essential oils and paper protectionInvestigation of insect pest in the museum and development of green insect repellent.Six pests were collected and investigated in the library of Liaoning University,including Oriental cockroach,woolfish,rice elephant,Anopheles,culex,and cardiganopheles.The typical cardiganopheles was selected for experiment,and the pest problem was less in the library.Three plant essential oils were selected to avoid,fumigate and fumigate the plant essential oil(CC),and the combination of carvonol(15.63ml/L)and citronellal(31.25ml/L)was screened to obtain the plant essential oil(CC)which could last for more than 12 h,and the avoidance rate was maintained at about 80%.The mortality rate of carvacrol(31.25 m L /L)mixed with citronellol(31.25ml/L)was over 60%.According to the analysis of LC50,carvaterol had the best catalytic effect,followed by citronellol.The protective effect of plant essential oil(CC)on paper and the good cleaning effect of biological enzyme cleaning agent on insect-contaminated paper samples were verified.According to the principle of minimum intervention,the combination of carvonol(15.63ml/L)and citronellal(31.25ml/L)was selected as green insect repellent.