A Textual Study On The Image Construction Of Cixi In The History Textbooks Of A Hundred Years Middle School

History textbook is an important "memory place" for students and even citizens with strong authority and a wide range of popularization.The knowledge and opinions it carries are the history that the country hopes to pass on to citizens,and historical figures,as the main body of historical activities,are both The key screening objects of history textbooks are also the key writing objects.The narration of historical figures and related historical events in history textbooks plays a vital role in students' understanding and evaluation of historical figures and in constructing the image of characters in the memory of students and even citizens.This study first reviewed the domestic and international historiography circle the empress dowager cixi and historical education academic writing characters related research of high school history textbooks,some high school history textbook in the period 1906-2019 as the research object,through literature research,the text analysis,comparative study,such as research methods,the image of the empress dowager was studied in middle school history textbooks.Secondly,the content related to Cixi in the century-old middle school history textbooks is sorted out and counted,and the quantitative and descriptive analysis is carried out.Thus,five kinds of Cixi images were extracted from the century-old history textbooks of high schools,The image of the ruler,the image of the feudal defender,the image of the reformer,the image of the traitor and the image of the woman.Through the analysis of the textbooks of each period,it is found that the image of Cixi in the history textbooks of more than one hundred years in middle schools is consistent,but there are periodic differences.That is to say,from a ruler who was capable and experienced difficulties to a ruler who betrayed his country and his people.In the end she became a collection of reformers and traitors.So far,Cixi has faded from middle school history textbooks.Therefore,this study starts from the factors of textbooks and the environment of The Times,history,curriculum standards,writing characteristics and so on,and analyzes the reasons why the narration of Cixi in textbooks has changed and the attitude of textbooks to Cixi has changed repeatedly.Finally,there are some problems in history textbooks and history teaching,such as the flattening,fragmentation and blank of Cixi's image.Based on this,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the construction of Cixi's image in textbooks and history teaching with the help of relevant research results in the field of history.Teachers should be diversified teaching "visualization" Cixi;Teaching should return to historical "situational" Cixi;Teachers to make Cixi "three-dimensional";Teachers should integrate resources to "diversify" Cixi,and at the same time highlight the theme of "politicizing" Cixi.To construct an objective and complete image of Cixi in order to be applied to teaching and improve the teaching quality of modern Chinese history.