Qinghai Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park Bird Diversity Research

From March to October in 2019 and December in 2020,the bird diversity of Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park in Qinghai Province was investigated by using the method of sample line and sample point,and the number and species changes of birds in different habitats and seasons in the investigated sample area were comparatively analyzed by using Shannin-Weinei index,Pielou index and Similarity index.In Qinghai Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park,151 species of wild birds have been recorded,belonging to 16 orders,39 families,97 genera,including 58 species of non-passeriformes;Passeriformes of 93 species Passeriformes are the most common,Accipitriformes took the second place;The five orders of Podicipediformes,Cuculiiformes,Ciconiiformes,Suliformes and Bucerotiiformes are all monotypic,contains only one bird,while there are only two species of Strigiformes,Coraciiformes and Falconiiformes.According to the world zoogeographical flora,there are 34 species of Palaearctic birds,0 species of Oriental birds and 117 species of widespread birds in the forest park.According to the six ecological groups of birds,151 species of birds were distinguished.There were 97 species of songbirds,accounting for the largest group.There were 15 species of raptors,14 species of swimming birds,12 species of land birds,11 species of wading birds and 8 species of climbing birds.According to the types of resident birds,there are 81 species of resident birds,46 species of summer migrant birds,6 species of winter migrant birds and 18 species of migratory birds in the park.No stray birds are found.According to the frequency index estimation method,15 dominant species,56 common species,42 rare species and 31 occasional species were found.Among all the birds distributed in the forest park,there are 5 species of national class I protected species: Tetrasters sewerzowi,Tetraophasis obscurus,Ciconia nigra,Gypaetus barbatus and Aquila chrysaetos;16 species of national class II protected species.10 species of grade-protected birds have been distributed in Qinghai Province.A total of 21 species of national protected birds are distributed.In Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park of Qinghai Province,there are 18 species of rare and endangered birds assessed by the red list of vertebrates in China,including one species of endangered(EN)birds,Aquila nipalensis;One vulnerable(VU)bird is Aythya ferina;There are 5 species of near danger birds.A total of 83 species of birds have been listed in the list of beneficial or important economic and scientific research value terrestrial wildlife under national protection.There are 10 endemic bird species in China,which are Tetrastes sewerzowi,Tetraophasis obscurus,Crossoptilon harmani,Poeciliosus superciliosus,Phyllocopus kansuensis,Leptopoecile elegans,Garrulax davidi,Trochalopteron elliotii and Turdus mupinensis.35 new bird species were found in Huzhu Beishan.In this study,Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park in Qinghai Province was divided into seven habitat types: River wetland,forest,shrub,alpine grassland,alpine shrub,alpine meadow and alpine screes.There are 36 bird species recorded in river wetland,belonging to 8 orders,12 families and 24 genera;45 bird species was recorded in forest habitat,belonging to 5 orders,18 families and 37 genera;68 bird species was recorded in shrub habitat,belonging to 6 orders,22 families and 49genera;31 bird species recorded in alpine grassland habitat,belonging to 7 orders,15 families and 23 genera;35 bird species recorded in alpine shrub habitat,belonging to5 orders,15 families and 24 genera;and 25 bird species recorded in alpine meadow habitat There are 21 bird species belonging to 5 orders,10 families and 17 genera,and10 bird species belonging to 4 orders,5 families and 9 genera are recorded in the alpine screes habitat.By calculating and analyzing the diversity index and evenness of 7 different habitats,the habitat with the highest bird diversity was shrub;the habitat with the highest bird evenness was forest;the habitat with the lowest bird evenness was alpine grassland.Through the similarity comparison of different habitats,it was found that the similarity index of forest and shrub habitats was the highest,which indicated that the bird species composition of the two habitats was highly similar;the similarity coefficient of alpine grassland and alpine meadow habitats was close to that of alpine meadow and alpine screes habitats;the similarity coefficient of river wetland habitat was low with other habitats,which indicated that the bird species composition was high The species are highly dissimilar.By comparing the bird composition of the three Sanjiangyuan conservation zones corresponding to the geographical location,it is found that the number of orders,families,genera,total number of birds and G-F family and genus index of birds in Huzhu Beishan National Forest Park are the highest,which indicates that the bird diversity in the forest park is the most abundant.According to the seasonal dynamic changes of birds,the diversity and evenness of birds in different seasons,In spring,the number of bird species is the most,reaching 117 species,and the number of individuals is the most in 1980;in winter,the number of bird species and individuals is the least,only 45 species,449.The bird diversity index and evenness index of four seasons were calculated.The results showed that the bird diversity index was the highest in spring and the evenness index was the highest in summer.