Bird Diversity And Community Dynamics In The Dongzhong-Batang Protection Zone Of Qinghai Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve

In 4 consecutive years investigation of the birds' diversity,using line-intercept method and sampling point method in Dongzhong-Batang Nature Reserve of Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve in August 2013,August 2015,May to August 2016,May to August 2017.A total of 135 bird species belonging to 15 orders 42 families 91 genus were counted.The Passeriformes has the highest species number of 87,accounting for 64.444% of total species,then was the Falconiformes has 13 species number,accounting for 9.630% of the total,there is only one species in the Podicipediformes?Pelecaniformes?Cuculiformes?Coraciiformes and Upupiformes,there are only 2 species in the Strigiformes and Apodiformes.According to the world Zoological region division,there are 85 cosmopolitan species,46 Palaearctic species and 4 Oriental species.According to ecological groups classfacation,there are 11 species of natatores,5 species of wader,9 species of terrestrial,15 species of raptor,13 species of scansorial.According to the migrating type,there are 69 species of resident birds,23 species of transient migrant,43 species of summer resident,accounting for 51.111%,17.037%,31.852% of the total respectively.We did the grade division of the birds adopted to frequency index estimation,the result shows that there are 16 dominant species,21 common species,64 rare species and 33 occasional species.There are 20 species belonging to the national protection birds,accounting for 14.815% of the total.There are 5 species belonging to the first-grade State protection,Ciconia nigra,Gypaetus barbatus,Aquila chrysaetos,Tetrastes sewerzowi and Tetraophasis szechenyii respectively;15 species belonging to the second-grade State protection,Milvus migrans,Gyps himalayensis,Circus cyaneus,Accipiter nisus,Buteo buteo,Buteo hemilasius,Aquila nipalensis,Falco tinnunculus,Falco amurebsis,Falco columbarius,Falco cherrug,Tetraogallus tibetanus,Ithaginis cruentus,Bubo bubo and Athene noctua respectively.12 species belonging to the provincial protection birds of Qinghai Province.According to the < The red list of vertebrates in China >,there are 23 threatened species accounting for 17.037% of the total.Among the 23 threatened species there are 1 EN species,5 VU species and 17 NT species.There are 77 species in the <The list of state protected useful and valuable wild animals in economic and scientific research> accounting for 57.037% of the total.There are 10 Chinese special species accounting for 13% of the total Chinese special species,they are Tetrastes sewerzowi,Tetraophasis szechenyii,Crossoptilon crossoptilon,Turdus mupinensis,Garrulax maximus,Garrulax elliotii,Alcippe striaticollis,Leptopoecile elegans,Parus superciliosus and Pseudopodoces humilis.There are 2 new bird record of Qinghai Province,they are Aegithalos bonvalotis and Carpodacus trifasciatus.There are 15 new bird record of Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve,accounting for 11.111% of the total.Composition and diversity of bird communities:We investigated 7 different habitats in Dongzhong-Batang nature reserve,including riverine wetland,forest,shrub,high-cold steppe,high-cold scrub,alpine meadow and alpine rock.A total of 25,51,61,40,36,20 and 9 bird species were recorded respectively,and belonging to the 8 order 14 family 19 genus,6 order 21 family 39 genus,6 order 17 family 32 genus,6 order 15 family 30 genus,4 order 10 family 17 genus and 3 order 6 family 8 genus respectively.We analyzed the Shannon index and evenness index of different habitats,the result showed that the shrub has the highest diversity index 3.197,the high-cold scrub has the highest evenness index 0.439,the riverine wetland has the lowest diversity index and evenness index 1.619 and 0.245 respectively.The forest and the shrub has the highest similarity coefficient 0.630,secondly was the high-cold scrub and alpine meadow,the similarity coefficient was 0.537.There is no similarity between riverine wetland,high-cold scrub,alpine meadow and alpine rock.Dongzhong-Batang nature reserve has the highest bird diversity,F index,G index and G-F index compared with Jiangxi and Tongtianhe nature reserve.We count and analyze the bird species and quantity from May to August,the result showed that August has the highest bird species and July has the lowest,but July has the maximum number of birds and May has the least.Comparing the data from 2016 and 2017,the species and quantity of 2017 were higher than that of 2016.