| Education is one of the important ways to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and teachers bear the important task of improving the quality of national education development.Therefore,strengthening the construction of teachers is of great practical significance.However,China’s long-standing urban-rural dual system structure and the obvious economic development gap between different regions have led to a serious imbalance in the allocation of teachers between urban and rural areas.At present,the lack of teachers in rural primary and secondary schools,the low quality of existing teachers and the obvious structural problems of teachers are not conducive to the realization of educational balance.For a long time,the state has attached great importance to the uneven allocation of teachers in urban and rural areas,and issued a series of relevant policies to strengthen the construction of rural teachers,strive to bridge the gap of teacher resources between urban and rural,and ensure the fair development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas.In 2006,four ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Education jointly decided to implement the "special post plan for school teachers in the stage of rural compulsory education"（hereinafter referred to as the "special post plan"）.The plan is a major innovation in the supplementary mechanism of rural teachers in China.It encourages and attracts college graduates to engage in education and teaching in schools in remote rural areas by providing favorable conditions such as enrollment after the expiration of service,so as to enhance the strength of teachers in rural areas,improve their unreasonable structure,balance the allocation of teachers in urban and rural areas,and realize the fair development of compulsory education.It has been more than ten years since the implementation of the special post plan policy.What achievements have been made during this period,what problems have been exposed in the actual implementation process,what causes it,and how to solve and optimize it in the future are worthy of further in-depth discussion.This study takes Runan County,Henan Province as the site of field investigation,investigates the educational administrators,principals of post schools and in-service special post teachers in the areas under the jurisdiction of Runan County by means of questionnaires and interviews,and based on the Horn-Meter theoretical model,this thesis deeply analyzes the policy implementation of the special post plan in Runan County from six aspects mentioned in the model,namely,policy goals and criteria,policy resources,execution modes,characteristics of implementation institutions,system environment and the value orientation of implementation personnel.According to the survey,good results have been achieved since the implementation of the special post plan policy in Runan County,mainly including: innovating the form of teacher supplement,which has greatly alleviated the pressure of teacher shortage in rural schools;it has injected fresh blood into rural schools and triggered changes in teaching contents and methods;broaden the employment channels of college graduates,which is conducive to the solution of the problem of difficult employment;it has improved the educational quality of rural schools and promoted the further return of students in rural areas.However,while paying attention to the achievements of the special post plan policy in Runan County,we can not ignore the problems found in the process of policy implementation.These problems mainly include: the actual implementation effect of the policy is not satisfactory;policy resources are relatively single;inadequate policy publicity and lack of active communication and cooperation among groups;superficial implementation exists in the process of policy implementation;the dilemma of cooperation between policy target groups and parents;policy executors lack creativity and enthusiasm in their work.According to the six factors mentioned in the Horn-Meter model that affect the policy implementation,the author deeply analyzes the policy implementation of the special post plan in Runan County.The specific reasons are as follows: first,in terms of policy objectives and standards,the requirements of policy objectives are not specific and the setting of policy implementation assessment standards is not perfect;second,in terms of policy resources,the allocation and use of financial resources are unreasonable,the supporting authoritative resources are missing,and human resources are not effectively and fully utilized;third,in terms of execution modes,the way of publicity is single,and the communication between the government personnel and target groups is not smooth;Fourth,in terms of the characteristics of implementing agencies,the lack of policy implementation supervision agencies and the dilemma of cooperation between horizontal implementing agencies;Fifth,in terms of the system environment,economic environment constraints,social and psychological environment constraints;Sixth,in terms of the value orientation of the executors,the policy awareness is not enough and the policy executors are profit oriented.After analyzing the problems and causes of the implementation of the special post plan policy in Runan County,the author puts forward targeted policy implementation optimization countermeasures based on the Horn-Meter theoretical model.First,improve the setting of policy objectives and standards: strengthen the top-level design of policies and refine various policy objectives;establish and improve relevant implementation standards and form a dynamic and reasonable assessment mechanism.Second,optimize the distribution of policy resources: allocate and use financial resources reasonably;improve the supporting authoritative resources;effectively make full use of human resources.Third,improve the way of policy implementation: explore diversified forms of policy publicity;establish good communication channels between government executives and target groups.Fourth,enhance the executive power of the executive agencies: improve the supervision mechanism of policy implementation and strengthen supervision and inspection;strengthen the division of labor and cooperation among various departments.Fifth,create a good system environment:innovate the mode of economic development and improve the level of regional economic development;change ideas and cultivate the social and psychological environment of "emphasizing teaching and learning".Sixth,guide execution personnel to establish a correct value orientation: pay attention to strengthening the training and learning of the executive;establish and improve the reward and punishment system for the implementation of special post plan policy. |
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