| Shijiazhuang is one of the cities with relatively large migrant workers.In 2020,the city’s permanent population is 10.3942 million,the urbanization rate of the registered population is47.5%,and the proportion of migrant workers is as high as 52.5%,and the trend of "familyization" is obviously increasing.The living conditions of migrant workers are relatively poor,and their lives are under greater pressure,and the problem of the healthy development of their children has become particularly prominent.Compared with the status of children of non-migrant workers,they have health problems such as a large number of underweight,overweight and obese children,and poor strength and speed qualities.Are the above-mentioned health problems of the children of migrant workers related to their basic motor skills(FMS)development and physical activity(PA)participation status? At present,there is not much literature related to the FMS characteristics of the children of migrant workers,and the above issues need to be further studied.This study aims to:(1)explore the development characteristics of FMS for children of migrant workers aged 6-10;(2)explore the PA participation status of children of migrant workers;(3)analyze the impact of PA level of migrant workers’ children on FMS.Analyze the characteristics of FMS and PA of the children of migrant workers by age and gender,explore the existing problems,and provide a certain reference and reference for the FMS and PA intervention of children of migrant workers in the later period,and the development of related school physical education and extracurricular sports activities..In this study,the FMS development characteristics and PA participation of children of migrant workers aged 6 to 10 were selected as the research objects.A total of 667 students in grades 1 to 4 of Guangan Street Primary School and Tannan Road Primary School in Shijiazhuang were selected as the test subjects,of which 357 children of migrant workers(184 boys),173 females),310 non-migrant children(158 males,152 females).According to the BMI,the test subjects were divided into normal body remodeling,overweight remodeling and obesity groups.The morphological indicators and FMS scores were collected by the literature method and measurement test method,and the PA participation and sitting time were collected by the questionnaire survey method(PAQ-CN questionnaire).One-way analysis of variance was used to test the difference between FMS and PA data,and correlation analysis was used to explore the influence of PA participation degree and type on FMS.Research result:1.FMS development characteristics of children of migrant workers:(1)Comparison of the overall situation of the children of migrant workers and non-migrant workers: the total scores of FMS,displacement skills and manipulation skills of children of migrant workers are significantly lower than those of children of non-migrant workers(P<0.05,effect sizes are0.78,0.47 and 0.50,respectively);In the displacement skills,the scores of the front sliding and standing long jump skills of the children of migrant workers were significantly lower than those of the children of non-migrant workers(P<0.05,the effect sizes were 0.45 and 0.72,respectively);in the control skills,the children of migrant workers were fixed with both hands swinging and hitting.The skill scores of ball,two-handed catching and in-situ shooting were significantly lower than those of non-migrant workers(P<0.05,effect sizes were 0.83,0.54,and 0.39,respectively).Gender comparison between children of migrant and non-migrant workers: girls’ total FMS scores,displacement skills and control skills scores were significantly lower than those of non-migrant girls(P<0.05),and boys’ control skills were significantly lower than non-migrant boys(P<0.05).After screening out obese children,the results of comparison among children with normal BMI are basically the same as the above.The development of FMS of the children of migrant workers has a tendency to delay,and it has nothing to do with the obesity rate.(2)Age characteristics: There is no significant difference between the children of migrant workers and non-migrant workers in the age range of 6.0 to 8.9.The total FMS scores and displacement skills of children of migrant workers in the age range of 9.0 to 10.9 are significantly lower than those of non-migrant workers(P<0.05),the control skills of children from migrant workers aged 9.0 to 9.9 were significantly lower than those of children from non-migrant workers(P<0.05).The children of migrant workers develop faster in FMS between the ages of 8.0 and 8.9,and their scores are significantly higher than those of the previous age group(P<0.05);the displacement skills scores of 9.0-9.9 years old are significantly lower than those of the previous age group(P<0.05),and appear to be random On the contrary,there is a decreasing trend with age.The forward sliding step and standing long jump of each individual movement skill are significantly reduced(P<0.05).The difference of other movement skills is not significant,but there is a decreasing trend in numerical values.The results suggest that the age at which the children of migrant workers develop their movements has been delayed.(3)Gender characteristics:(1)Comparison between genders within the same population: girls’ scores in displacement skills were significantly higher than boys(P<0.05),and boys’ FMS scores and manipulation skills scores were significantly higher than girls’(P < 0.05).The children of migrant workers are the same;(2)Comparison between genders of different populations: the scores of mobility skills,migrant girls’ one-foot jump and forward sliding scores were significantly lower than those of non-migrant girls(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in migrant boys’ manipulative skills;Scores.The scores of migrant girls swinging a bat with both hands to hit a fixed ball,one-handed clap to hit a bounced ball,underhand toss,one-handed bat on the spot and kicking a fixed ball were significantly lower than those of non-migrant girls(P< 0.05).The male migrant workers’ single-handed bounce,single-handed bounce and two-handed catch were significantly lower than those of non-migrant males(P<0.05).The results suggest that the development of FMS for migrant girls is relatively slow.3.PA participation status of children of migrant workers:(1)Overall situation: 31.5%(105 people)of migrant workers have a low level of PA,45.5%(151)of children have a medium PA level,and 23.0%(77)of children The PA level is higher.The average PAQ scores were 1.64±0.37 points,2.49±0.33 points and 3.27±0.29 points;PA participation types were mostly concentrated in big ball(foot,basketball,etc.),walking and running(running,walking,chasing games,etc.),small There are five categories of ball(badminton),gymnastics,and balance(bicycles,scooters,etc.).(2)Participation in different age groups: Children’s high PA level has a decreasing trend with age from 9.0 to 9.9 years old,and the middle PA level has a decreasing trend with age increasing from 8(8.0 to 8.9)years old.The PA level has an upward trend from 9(9.0 to 9.9)years old with the increase of age.The above results are basically consistent with the changing trend of FMS scores with age;(3)Participation of different genders:(1)PA level: boys have higher PA levels than girls(P<0.05);girls and boys have PA levels with age The increase and decrease are consistent with the overall age change trend of PA.(2)PA participation type: boys who choose small ball and big ball games are significantly higher than girls(P<0.01),and girls who choose walking and running are significantly higher than boys(P<0.05).4.The impact of PA participation by the children of migrant workers on FMS:(1)The impact of PA participation level: FMS is positively correlated with high PA levels(r=0.14,P=0.04),and has low correlation with other PA levels(low PA level r =0.02,middle PA level r=0.06,all P>0.05).The results show that the high degree of PA participation promotes the development of FMS;(2)The influence of PA participation types: displacement skills are positively correlated with walking PA participation(r=0.327,P=0.019),and low correlation with other types(r: 0.042～0.201,both P>0.05);control skills are positively correlated with gymnastics(r=0.394,P=0.013)and PA participation in big ball games(r=0.401,P=0.009),and have low correlation with other types(R: 0.018～0.102,all P>0.05).The results suggest that different types of PA participation can promote selective promotion of the development of FMS.in conclusion:(1)Some children of migrant workers have low levels of motor skills,and girls develop slower than boys.(2)The age of children of migrant workers’ rapid development of movement is delayed.(3)The higher the degree of PA participation,the better the development of FMS,and PA type participation can selectively promote the development of displacement skills and manipulation skills. |
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