A Study On The Influence Of Basic Motor Training On The Development Of Gross Motor Skills In 5-6 Years Old Children

Research background: Nowadays,the development of children’s physical fitness has become an important issue,and the improvement of physical fitness is one of the results brought about by children’s motor skills.Motor skills can be divided into gross motor skills and fine motor skills according to the size of the involved muscle groups.During childhood,gross motor skills need to be developed.At the same time,the development of gross motor skills also affects the development of children’s cognition,emotion,learning,and social behavior.Therefore,this experiment is to study the influence of basic motor ability on the development of children’s gross motor skills,to provide references for the design of physical education courses for kindergartens.Research methods: By analyzing domestic and foreign literature on the development of children’s gross motor skills,basic motor ability exercises,TGMD-3(The test of motor development-3)test,etc.,to provide theoretical support and basis for the experiment.The test method: children were tested on gross motor skills(6movements for displacement skills and 7 movements for manipulation skills)by the TGMD-3 test tool.Fifty-eight children(34 boys and 24 girls in Shanghai)were collected and divided into the control group and experimental group,with 29 children in each group.The experimental method: the experimental group was given basic exercise ability training for 8 weeks,and the control group was given 8 weeks of daily physical exercise activities in kindergartens(free equipment sports activities).Mathematical statistics: the statistical tool SPSS23 was used to analyze children’s data,and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the development of children’s gross motor skills.The data were tested for normality,and the data conforming to the normal distribution were tested by independent samples t to detect whether there was any difference between the control group and the experimental group,and the paired-samples t was used to analyze whether there were differences in the data before and after the two groups.For data that did not conform to a normal distribution,there were tested using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for two associated samples.The mathematical-statistical analysis method used in this experiment is descriptive statistics,and the method of mean ± standard deviation is adopted.Research results: After the basic exercise ability training for 8 weeks,10 children were unable to complete the experiment due to personal reasons,whereas 48 children finally completed the intervention,including the experimental group of 24children(15 boys,9 girls)and a control group of 24(12 boys,12 girls).Children showed very significant differences in the improvement of the three movements of running;hitting the set-ball with both hands;kicking the set-ball in the experimental group(p<0.01).There were also marked differences in the improvement of the five movements of horse running,side sliding,hopping,dribbling on the spot,and throwing the ball over the shoulder(p<0.05).The five skills below have been improved after training: striding,standing long jump,hitting the rebound ball with one hand,catching the ball with both hands,and low-hand pitching,but there is no striking difference between before and after testing(p>0.05).Moreover,the total score of displacement,operation and gross motor skills were significantly different in the experimental group before and after the test(p<0.01).Besides,the improvement of standing dribble showed a very marked difference in the control group(p<0.01).The three skills of running,catching the ball with both hands,and kicking the set ball differed significantly(p<0.05).There are insignificant differences in the pre-and post-test comparisons of the nine movements: jogging,striding,side-sliding,standing long jump,one-legged hop,two-handed set-piece hit,one-handed hit rebound ball,shoulder pitching,and underhand pitching.(p>0.05).Significant differences in finding the score of displacement in the control group before and after the test,and the total score of operation skills and gross motor skills showed a very notable difference before and after the test(p<0.01).In contrast,there was no marked difference in the total scores of displacement,operation,and gross motor skills among children of different genders in the experimental group(p>0.05).In the control group,there was no outstanding difference in the total scores of displacement skills,operation skills,and gross motor skills of children of different genders(p>0.05).There was a very significant difference between the two groups of boys in the total scores of displacement skills,operation skills,and gross motor skills(p<0.01).However,there was no remarkable difference in the total score of displacement skills and gross motor skills between the two groups of girls(p>0.05),but there was a marked difference in the total score of operation skills(p<0.05).Conclusion: By leveraging the 8 weeks of basic motor ability training,children’s gross motor skills have been improved significantly.The effect of gender on children’s gross motor skills was not relevant.The influence of basic sports ability training on children’s gross motor skills is better than the daily physical exercise activities in kindergartens.