| At present,China’s agriculture is changing from high-speed growth stage to high-quality development stage.As the largest producer and consumer of rice in the world,China is entering a new stage of attaching equal importance to quantity growth and quality benefit,material factor input and scientific and technological innovation advanced simultaneously,production development and ecological environment coordination.As one of the subspecies of rice,japonica rice is also faced with the transformation of production mode from quantitative growth to quality development.In this context,this study uses data envelopment analysis,spatial analysis and other methods to target high-quality development.Taking the japonica rice planting system across the country and major producing provinces as the evaluation object to evaluate and monitor the management performance of the japonica rice production system in various regions.The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of high-quality development level were analyzed to provide decision-making reference for guiding japonica rice from high yield and higher yield to high-quality and efficient production development track,and realizing japonica rice production mode transformation according to local conditions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)On the whole,the evolution of japonica rice production pattern in China.From 2000 to 2018,the total yield of japonica rice in China first decreased and then increased,and the yield increased by fluctuations.After 2004,japonica rice to achieve successive high-yield period,japonica rice production,sowing area and yield increased rapidly.The production of provinces was different,among which Heilongjiang,Anhui and Henan increased rapidly,and the contribution of area was greater than that of per unit area..(2)The evolution of the production and investment system of japonica Rice in China.Taking the japonica rice production period from 2004 to 2018 as the key observation period,the whole japonica rice planting in this stage had high yield but no harvest,the planting cost increased and the planting benefit decreased,and the planting benefit in Shandong and Yunnan was better.Among the main inputs,labor input decreased significantly,and other inputs increased except irrigation cost,among which machinery input increased significantly.It shows that the japonica rice production system in China is in the period of accelerating transformation from labor-intensive mode to capital intensive mode.(3)High-quality development requires a shift from the conventional intensive and high-yield growth mode of achieving high output through high input and high consumption to the connotative development mode of innovation driven growth.Total factor productivity(TFP)is a comprehensive index to measure the innovation quality of production system(scientific and technological progress and organizational innovation ability).During the period of 2004-2018,the nation-scale TFP growth in japonica rice was mainly achieved through technological progress rather than changes in technical efficiency,no significant improvement in technical efficiency,except for Henan,TFP in all observation sample provinces achieved growth,and most of the growth came from the contribution of production technology progress;The growth rate of TFP in Heilongjiang and Anhui Province are the higher,and the growth rate of TFP in Jiangsu Province is slightly weak.Taking 2011 as the boundary,TFP growth rate in the lately phase after the year of 2011 was significantly higher than that in the first one.The difference of j aponica rice TFP growth in provinces was obvious,and the number of provinces with negative growth increased,among which Anhui,Hubei and Henan provinces showed technological backwardness.(4)According to the correlation between the growth of TFP of japonica rice and technological progress and technical efficiency in the second half period(2011-2018),the 13 provinces were divided into 5 categories.There are 3 regions to achieve positive growth in TFP of japonica rice.The areas where technological efficiency and technological progress are coordinated,the region where technological progress leads the TFP growth,and the improvement of technology efficiency driving the TFP growth area are represented by Jiangsu,Heilongjiang and Henan respectively.Two types of japonica Rice TFP negative growth areas,technology backward and technical efficiency stagnation lead to TFP backward areas,technical efficiency backward lead to TFP backward areas,represented by Anhui and Inner Mongolia.(5)High-quality development requires the production system to achieve the highest economic output with the lowest cost of resources and environment.Eco-efficiency is an important tool to evaluate the dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental development.The expected output should take into account both the yield and planting benefit of japonica rice,from 2004 to 2018 at the nation level,the annual average value of the eco-efficiency of japonica rice production was 0.8584,and it showed no obvious upward trend and had been at a relatively high level on the whole,with redundant input and unexpected output.The results showed that there were significant differences in the efficiency values among provinces.The japonica rice production in Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning provinces in Northeast China,the provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and Yunnan Province in the southwest rice region,was relatively high in ecological efficiency during the same period,whereas the other japonica rice producing region in North China and Northwest China had a relatively low level of ecological efficiency.(6)The ecological inefficiency of japonica rice production and input system in each province is mainly caused by the high input redundancy of pesticide,chemical fertilizer and irrigation and drainage fees,as well as the high redundancy of carbon emissions and pollution emissions,Heilongjiang and Anhui have the best ecological efficiency of japonica rice,which has achieved the best production frontier.The ecological inefficiency of japonica Rice in Inner Mongolia,Henan,Hebei,Shandong and Ningxia mainly comes from the input redundancy of pesticides,irrigation and drainage,as well as carbon emissions,pollution emissions redundancy and insufficient output value,which has a large space between japonica rice production system and the best practitioners of ecological efficiency. |
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