| Canine Babesiosis,also known as malignant jaundice and pyrozoosis,is a kind of common blood protozoa caused by Babesiasis verticosa.Babesia Canis is mainly transmitted through the bite of hard ticks,so the spring,summer and autumn when hard ticks breed are the season of the disease.The disease is widely distributed throughout the world and has become one of the most important threats to human and animal health worldwide.The main clinical manifestations are anemia,jaundice,hemoglobinuria,fever,severe secondary liver and kidney injury,spleen enlargement,and even death.For many years,Babesiosis in Nanjing has a trend of outbreak and epidemic,because the insect is small,relatively stubborn,can not be completely eradicated,so when the body immunity is decreased,it is easy to relapse,and there is a risk of death,which brings a lot of trouble to pet doctors and animal owners.At present,there are various clinical methods for the treatment and diagnosis of canine babesiasis,and the therapeutic effect is uneven.It is found that the use of single drug is not enough to treat canine babesiasis,and it is necessary to seek a combination drug regimen.In order to better diagnose and treat Babesia Canis,a total of 91 cases of Babesia Canis were collected from a pet hospital in Nanjing.Through statistical analysis of the results of basic information,clinical symptoms and laboratory examination of affected dogs,44 cases were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups.They were AA(Atovaquone and azithromycin,AA)treatment group,AA combined with triazamidine treatment group,antibiotic combined with triazamidine treatment group.By analyzing the changes of some indexes of blood routine,the number of parasites in blood smear,the rate of turning negative by real-time quantitative PCR,the treatment period and the prognosis of the three treatment groups,the optimal treatment method was obtained.The results of the investigation on the incidence of Babesia Canis showed that the incidence of Babesia Canis was increasing year by year from 2018 to 2020,and the onset time was from March to December each year,among which the highest incidence period was from September to October,accounting for 60.4% of the whole year.Poodles(29.6%)were found to have the highest prevalence,followed by German Shepherds(13.1%).Hybrids had the lowest prevalence(4.4%).The average age of onset in dogs was 4.09±3.48 years old,and the age of onset ranged from 3 to 16 years old,with most dogs aged 1-5 years old.There is no gender difference in the occurrence of this disease.The clinical manifestations of the dogs were : decreased appetite(73.6%),fever(48.4%),visible mucosal paleness(52.7%),hemoglobinuria(52.8%),splenomegaly(14.2%);The sensitivity of the blood smear in this study was 90%,and the final diagnosis depended on real-time fluorescent PCR.In this study,Babesia gigi was the dominant disease in all cases(90/91),Babesia Canis was extremely rare(1/91),and no other parasites were detected.Routine blood examination showed that the number of red blood cells,hematocrit,hemoglobin and platelet in most of the affected dogs decreased significantly.The study found that Babesia Canis caused damage to liver,pancreas and kidney of affected dogs.Blood biochemical examination showed that liver damage accounted for the highest proportion(45.2%),and only 4.8% of the affected dogs had higher pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase than the reference value.The results of clinical diagnosis and treatment showed that AA combined with triazamidine could significantly increase the number of erythrocyte,hematocrit and hemoglobin,which was beneficial to improve anemia.Antibiotics combined with triazamidine treatment group and AA treatment group had a general effect on improving dog anemia.In the treatment cycle,the mean treatment days of AA combined with triazamidine compound preparation group were 17.17±9.84 d,the mean treatment days of antibiotics combined with triazamidine compound preparation group were 35.92±31.14 d,and the mean treatment days of AA treated group were 44.5±25.00 d.On the10 th day of treatment,the ratio of AA combined with triazamidine compound preparation group was 62.5%,that of antibiotic combined with triazamidine compound preparation group was14.28%,and that of AA treatment group was 16.6%.The complete recovery rate of AA combined with triazamidine compound preparation group and antibiotic combined with triazamidine compound preparation group were 87.5% and 85.7%,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of AA group(16.6%).Through this experiment,the incidence regularity of canine babesiosis in Nanjing area was summarized,and the specific diagnosis and treatment methods of canine babesiosis were summarized,which provided theoretical support for the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prevention of canine babesiosis in Nanjing area. |
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