| Due to the limitation of natural geographical conditions or lack of scientific and reasonable planning,rural settlements in China generally have problems such as small scale,scattered layout and low land use efficiency.Such problems are particularly common in ecologically fragile areas or economically underdeveloped areas,which greatly affect the sustainable development process of rural settlements.Therefore,strengthening the study of spatial layout optimization of rural settlements is of great significance to guide rural settlements to achieve modernization and improve the living environment.This paper takes the pastoral area of Xilin Gol League as the research area.Firstly,the scale,spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of pastoral areas from 1990 to 2018 were analyzed by GIS spatial analysis,kernel density,hot spot detection and buffer analysis,and the impact of topography,hydrology,transportation,urbanization and other factors on the evolution of pastoral areas were mainly studied;Secondly,the settlement development problems in pastoral areas were sorted out,and the vulnerability assessment index system was constructed based on the principle of vulnerability.The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the vulnerability of pastoral settlements were analyzed,and the changes of pastoral settlements in different vulnerability zones were obtained by superposition with the four periods of settlement data;Finally,the settlements with high vulnerability were selected as the evaluation unit to construct the evaluation index system of comprehensive development potential of settlements,measure the evaluation results of comprehensive development potential of settlements,and put forward the optimization regulation model of settlements.The main results are as follows:（1）The results of spatial and temporal evolution of pastoral settlements show that: from 1990 to 2018,the scale of pastoral settlements was mainly small,and gradually developed to large and medium-sized settlements,and the "cold hot spots" of settlement scale were obviously differentiated,showing a local concentration trend.The spatial distribution of settlements in pastoral areas showed an agglomeration pattern,and the kernel density increased year by year,presenting an overall spatial distribution pattern of "dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest".The compactness index of settlements in pastoral areas gradually decreased,and the external shape of settlement patches became more and more complex.（2）The results of the analysis of the influencing factors of the settlement evolution in pastoral areas showed that the settlements in pastoral areas showed a strong elevation directivity,but the lower the elevation,the more the settlements were distributed.The settlements in pastoral areas have obvious low slope directivity and are mainly concentrated in semi-shady slope,sunny slope and semi-sunny slope areas.The settlements in pastoral areas with hydrophilicity and the closer to towns and traffic lines,the larger the number and size of the settlements;Urbanization has certain limitations on the radiating and driving effect of pastoral settlements.（3）The results of the study on the evolution of settlement vulnerability in pastoral areas showed that the settlement vulnerability index increased firstly and then decreased from 1990 to 2018,and had a spatial distribution pattern of "high in southwest and low in northeast".The proportion of the area of low vulnerability area increases gradually,and the vulnerability grade changes to low vulnerability grade.The number and area proportion of low-vulnerability settlements and low-vulnerability settlements increased gradually.The number and area proportion of general vulnerable settlements and high vulnerable settlements showed a decreasing trend.The number and area proportion of high vulnerability settlements increased first and then decreased.（4）Vulnerability higher settlement plaques as evaluation unit,selected from natural,ecological and social three aspects,such as building settlement comprehensive evaluation index system of development potential,according to the results of the settlement comprehensive development potential evaluation,proposed the key developmental,developmental priority,retain development-oriented,moved and development-oriented and other four kinds of pastoral areas settlement layout optimization control model,Weighted Voronoi diagram was used to segment the influence range of dominant settlement patches,guide the relocation of settlement patches,and provide a basis for the spatial layout optimization of pastoral areas. |
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