The Spatial And Distributional Evolution Of Rural Settlements And Layout Optimization In The North Foot Of Yinshan Mountain In Inner Mongolia Mountainous Region

With the constant improvement of China's urbanization level,the spatial distribution of rural residential areas in China has changed greatly under the guidance of the coordinated development strategy of urban and rural areas.For a long time due to natural conditions or unreasonable planning and other factors,the construction of rural residential areas in China is basically a state of spontaneous spread.This paper studies the spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of rural residential areas,explores its influencing factors,and optimizes the spatial distribution of rural residential areas on this basis.It can help to solve the problems of scattered distribution,disordered expansion and inefficient land use in traditional rural residential areas.In this paper,six towns in guyang county and three towns in wuchuan county are the main research objects.Based on high-resolution satellite historical image map and DEM topographic data,GIS spatial analysis method,nearest neighbor point statistics,Voronoi map coefficient of variation method,and landscape pattern index method were adopted.It is divided into three time points to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of rural residential areas in the research area from 2004 to 2018.To explore the influence of natural factors,economic construction factors and policy factors on the distribution evolution of rural residential areas.On this basis,the rural residential areas in guyang county are classified,and the appropriate optimization model is given.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,the number of rural residential areas in the study area changed little,and the differences in area between different towns were obvious.The number and size of rural residential areas are significantly affected by topographic factors and show a negative correlation.In the past 14 years,the scale of rural residential areas has been significantly differentiated,and those larger than 9 hectares have been significantly expanded,while the remaining areas have experienced different degrees of decline,resulting in a significant increase in the number of residential areas smaller than 1 hectare.Secondly,the distribution of rural settlements in the study area is close to the random distribution.The agglomeration degree of rural residential area in mountain area is obviously higher than that in hilly area.The number and area of rural residential areas are negatively correlated in space.The number of rural residential areas in mountain areas is large,the average area of residential areas is small,and the degree of patch fragmentation is large,showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "distributing along hills,beaches and rivers and forming local clusters".The number of rural settlements in hilly area is small,the average area of settlements is large,and the patch fragmentation is low.Thirdly,the spatial distribution evolution of rural residential areas in the study area is affected by many factors.In the 14 years from 2004 to 2018,the distribution characteristics of rural residential areas in the study area changed little,but the spatial characteristics of rural residential areas changed significantly.The landscape fragmentation degree of patch in rural residential areas increased significantly and the average area decreased significantly.The evolution trend toward high patch density and low patch area is rapidly evolving.There are obvious differences among towns in the evolution of rural residential space in hilly area,and no trend of unification has been found The increase of patch regularity in rural residential areas indicates that the effect of artificial planning for rural residential areas has been preliminarily shown.Fourthly,natural factors have an important influence on the distribution and evolution of rural settlements in guyang county,during the 14 years from 2004 to 2018.The rural settlements in the low altitude,south slope and flat terrain areas expanded significantly,while the rural settlements in other locations declined to different degrees.The influence of location factors is limited by distance,and the expansion trend is more obvious in the settlements close to roads and towns.The influence of economic and social factors on rural residential areas is regulated by policy factors.The influence of policy factors is limited by natural factors and location factors.The active rural development policy after the 18 th national congress of the communist party of China reversed the declining trend of rural residential areas in the advantageous position,but it could only slow down the decliningspeed of rural residential areas in the inferior position.Finally,according to the evolution characteristics of rural residential areas,the rural residential areas in guyang county are divided into four types: recession type,expansion type,stable type and new type.The evaluation system of the location advantage of rural residential areas is established,which is divided into five types of rural residential areas:low location advantage,medium and low location advantage,medium location advantage,medium and high location advantage.According to the actual situation of different types of rural residential areas,four modes are adopted to optimize the layout of rural residential areas in guyang county,namely,village withdrawal and point integration,reservation and control,internal transformation and priority development.