| Since the reform and opening up,the pace of urban and rural construction has been accelerated,and there are many unreasonable problems in the development and utilization of national land space.The backward spatial governance ability does not adapt to the spatial pattern of national land in great changes.In recent years,our country implemented "multi-planning" policy and constructed a new territorial space planning and governance system.As a part of the "five levels,three categories and four systems" of territorial space planning,village planning is also the content of detailed planning.The spatial layout and site selection of rural residential areas is an important part of village planning,and the focus of solving the contradiction between urban and rural residential land and stimulating rural revitalization,which has been concerned by government departments and planning scholars.At the same time,in the process of rapid development of rural areas,accompanied by more and more problems of rural development.In the whole country,the spatial layout of rural residential areas is generally in disorder,occupying cultivated land randomly,resulting in serious waste of land resources.Some residential areas and "three districts and three lines" conflict with each other,so the spatial layout needs to be readjugated.Aiming at the existing problems of rural settlements,this paper carries out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the temporal and spatial change rules of rural settlements in Luhe County,and makes a comprehensive analysis of the driving factors affecting its development,so as to explore the relationship between the temporal and spatial evolution of rural settlements and the driving factors.By using the software Arc GIS10.4,Fragstats4.2 and SPSS27,qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze the landscape index and driving factors of rural settlements in Luhe County,and the changes of spatial layout,scale and spatial form of rural settlements in the 30 years from 1990 to 2020 were explored.Analyze the influence degree of natural factors,location factors,population factors,socio-economic factors,social and humanistic factors,urban development strategy and policy factors on the evolution of rural residential areas.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Luhe County from 1990 to2020 are as follows: According to the change characteristics of the landscape index of rural settlements in Luhe County in 1990,2000,2010 and 2020,the total area of rural settlements showed an upward trend,with a total increase of 543.88Ha;The number of patches in rural settlements increased by 3136 in total,and the number of patches increased significantly.The patch density of the settlement increased by 25.84.The maximum patch index of rural residential area increased by 0.13,and the maximum patch area increased slightly.The patch shape of rural settlements tended to be complex,the agglomeration degree and extension tendency were higher,and the aggregation degree increased.(2)The spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Luhe County from1990 to 2020 are as follows: the spatial distribution of rural settlements is affected by landform,elevation,slope direction,water system and other factors,and the residential patches are mainly distributed in the central flat area.The nuclear density of residential areas directly reflects the spatial density distribution of rural residential areas.According to the analysis results of the nuclear density of rural residential areas in Luhe County,the overall spatial form of each dense area presents an "X-shaped" distribution,and the core of the dense area is distributed on both sides of the water system.From the perspective of spatial distribution of rural settlements in each town,the patch area and number of rural settlements in Hekou Town ranked the first place within the study period,and the patches of rural settlements in Hekou town were distributed along the water system and roads.However,the area and number of settlements in Nanwan Town are always kept at the least position.Although the patch area of settlements in other towns changed,the area ranking did not change significantly.(3)The impact of urban and rural Planning Law on the evolution characteristics of rural residential areas: Before the implementation of urban and rural planning Law,rural residential areas were mainly formed spontaneously,and the spatial layout of residential areas was scattered and broken,resulting in a low utilization rate of rural construction land.Since the implementation of the Urban and Rural Planning Law in 2008,village planning has been constrained and managed by law,and the chaotic phenomenon of disorderly and illegal rural construction has been controlled.In Luhe County,patch area,patch number,patch density,maximum patch index,integral dimension of perimeter surface and spread index of rural settlements continued to increase.The number and area of patches in the areas of high density and high density increased significantly.It indicates that rural settlements are evolving towards centralization,intensification and intensive efficiency.(4)Driving factors of rural settlements in Luhe County: Based on the above analysis,the spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlements in Luhe County is affected by seven driving factors: natural factors,location factors,population factors,socio-economic factors,social and humanistic factors,urban development strategy and policy factors.This paper further analyzes the impact degree from landform,elevation,slope,slope direction,geographical location,traffic location,economic location,population,population distribution,economic factors,agricultural factors,ethnic factors,architectural style,national development strategy and policy,development strategy of Guangdong province,development strategy of Shanwei City and relevant planning of Luhe County.The conclusion is that most of the rural settlements are distributed in the central plain area,and about 86% of the rural settlements are distributed in the flat area with elevation of 5～312m,slope of 0～10° and slope facing south,and the settlement patch size is large,density is high,and aggregation degree is high.In the area with slope greater than 25°,the rural settlements are scattered and the settlement patches are highly fragmented.Within 5km from the administrative center,300 m from the water system and100 m from the road,the area and number of rural settlement patches are the largest.In the spatial distribution of Luhe County,the number of rural settlements is positively correlated with the number of agricultural population.Social and human factors and development strategies and policies indirectly affect the change of rural residential areas.Through comprehensive quantitative analysis of driving factors,the research conclusion is that developed economic level and high-tech agricultural technology level promote rural development.Based on the analysis results of the spatio-temporal evolution of rural residential areas in Luhe County,and combined with the driving factors affecting rural residential areas,the paper puts forward suggestions for optimizing the spatial layout of rural residential areas.In order to provide reference value for the morphological characteristics,evolution rules and optimization strategies of rural settlements in the coastal areas of eastern Guangdong.The study on the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of rural residential areas provides a reference for the spatial planning of rural areas and the planning of the town and village system.It also provides a reliable solution for the location and layout optimization of rural residential areas in village planning,and will promote the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. |
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