| China is about to face the stage of rapid growth of population aging,and the contradiction between the increasing demand for pension and the supply of elderly service facilities is gradually deepening.With the proposal of high-quality urbanization,equalization of public services and the development of research on the equity of public service facilities,how to evaluate and realize the equity of the allocation of elderly service facilities is an important issue to promote social equity and justice,improve people’s livelihood and create a friendly society for the elderly.This paper argues that in order to achieve equity in the allocation of elderly service facilities,the service level and service content of facilities should be well matched with the distribution of the elderly population in space.In this study,Haizhu District of Guangzhou City,which has a high degree of aging and complex land use types,is taken as the research area to evaluate the equity performance of the allocation of elderly care facilities from the perspective of facility resources and population matching,and to formulate the optimization scheme.First,the author reviews the background of the endowment service policy and the current situation of elderly service facilities in Guangzhou.Secondly,on the basis of theoretical research and big data application,the paper establishes a research idea of equity performance: "the supply-demand equity is evaluated by the supply index,Gini coefficient and Lorentz curve,and the spatial equity is evaluated by accessibility and location entropy",That is to say,the overall equity performance of elderly people’s access to elderly service facilities in the region as well as the equity performance differences of elderly people’s access to facilities in different locations is evaluated on the meso scale(street scale)and micro scale(community particle scale).Thirdly,it evaluates the fairness performance of four kinds of elderly care facilities in Haizhu District of Guangzhou from two levels.Thirdly,the author evaluates the equity performance of four kinds of elderly service facilities in Haizhu District of Guangzhou from two levels.The evaluation results show that:(1)the coverage of current elderly service facilities is insufficient,and the blind area of facilities service is large.(2)There is a certain level gap between the supply-demand equity performance of community elderly service facilities and institutional elderly service facilities.The supply and demand of community pension facilities is reasonable as a whole,while the supply and demand of institutional pension facilities is unfair.(3)There is a big gap between the actual walking accessibility of facilities and the planning goal,and the spatial equity performance of facilities is poor;Finally,based on the evaluation results,the paper puts forward the optimization strategy and optimization scheme to improve the equity performance of elderly service facilitiy allocation in Haizhu District.In this paper,elderly service facilities as the starting point,in the research of the equity performance evaluation of the elderly service facilitiey allocation,we introduced the population data from baidu map huiyan big data,Gaode map API travel data,residential land spatial data and the facilities POI data extracted from the big data service platform,which are high precision,timeliness and accuracy.In addition,the supply-demand equity performance(service supply index,Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve)and spatial equity performance(accessibility and accessibility location entropy)are used to comprehensively evaluate the equity performance of elderly service facilitiy allocation in Haizhu District in meso and micro scales respectively,forming a quantitative evaluation method of facility allocation equity’ performance that can be promoted;In addition,based on the theory of equity performance and life circle,this paper establishes a facility allocation optimization method of "determining the gap by population,prioritizing by fair performance,and determining the suitable construction area by demand and stock" to improve the fair performance of the elderly service facility allocation in Haizhu District,which has a certain reference value for the future elderly policy-making,facility layout planning,and planning implementation path in Haizhu District.In addition,based on the theory of fair performance and life circle,this paper establishes a facility allocation optimization method of "determining the facility gap by population,determining the optimization priority by equity performance,and determining the suitable facility construction area by demand of the elderly and the existing facilities",so as to improve the equity performance of elderly service facility allocation in Haizhu District.This method has a certain reference value for the future pension policy formulation,facility layout planning and planning implementation path in Haizhu District. |
