Evaluation Of Water Resources Ecological Footprint And Sustainable Research In Qingdao City

Since the 1990 s,the sustainable development of water resources has been the focus and hotspot of experts and scholars all over the world.Scientific management of water resources and sustainable utilization of water resources have become the consensus of the international community.With China's economic growth and the expansion of urban scale,the demand for water is growing rapidly,and almost most coastal cities are facing the problem of water shortage.Qingdao is located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula.Its economic aggregate is second only to Beijing and Tianjin in the north,and it is also one of the most severely water-scarce cities in the north.Based on the analysis of previous research results,this paper introduces the ecological footprint model of water resources and the ecological carrying capacity model of water resources according to the characteristics of water resources in Qingdao,and systematically establishes a set of water resources utilization evaluation system,so as to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the ecological footprint and sustainable development capacity of water resources in Qingdao from 2008 to 2017.We discuss the existing problems of water resources utilization,and put forward targeted improvement measures.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The evaluation results of water resources ecological footprint show that: from the perspective of time dynamic change,the water resources ecological footprint of Qingdao city showed a fluctuating state of first rising and then falling.From the perspective of spatial analysis,from 2014 to 2017,the ecological footprint of water resources per capita in the north and central regions showed a downward trend,while that in the South showed an increasing trend,which was mainly caused by the different economic water use structure and water demand for economic development.Although the population density of the central city is much higher than that of other districts,the average ecological footprint of water resources per capita was the highest due to the large demand of social and economic water consumption.From the perspective of water use accounts,the ecological footprint of agricultural water use decreased by 41%,mainly due to the impact of drought;the ecological footprint of industrial water use and urban public water use changed little over the years;while the ecological footprint of domestic water use and ecological water use showed an obvious upward trend,and the ecological footprint of ecological water use grew fastest,indicating that the government paid more and more attention to ecological environment construction.The ecological carrying capacity of water resources showed a fluctuating downward trend,with a decrease of 52% in the past 10 years.Affected by the monsoon climate,it was unstable over the years.The spatial distribution of per capita ecological carrying capacity of water resources in different districts and cities was uneven,and the gap was large.Since 2015,inter basin water transfer has become the main source of surface water supply in Qingdao,and foreign water plays an increasingly important role in improving the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Qingdao.Through correlation analysis and path analysis,it is found that the most important factors affecting per capita ecological footprint of water resources in Qingdao are agricultural water consumption and wastewater discharge,followed by domestic water consumption and precipitation.Qingdao's agricultural water consumption has the most direct impact on the change of per capita water resources ecological footprint.From 2014 to 2016,Qingdao suffered from continuous drought,resulting in a decrease in agricultural water consumption and a significant decrease in per capita water resources ecological footprint.The main influencing factor of ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Qingdao is precipitation,and the correlation coefficient is 0.8174.(2)The results of sustainable use of water resources indicate that Qingdao water resources have been ecological deficits for 10 consecutive years,and is in unsustainable use.Except for Laoshan District,which was in ecological surplus in2014 and 2017,all other districts and cities were in ecological deficit in other years,indicating that the water resources consumption of Qingdao exceeded its water resources carrying capacity,which was not conducive to the sustainable development of social economy.As a whole,the ecological footprint of water resources per 10000 yuan GDP showed a downward trend,with a decrease of 62% in the past 10 years.The water use efficiency of Qingdao city has improved significantly,and the water use efficiency of Huangdao District was the highest.The ecological pressure index of water resources was not optimistic,and it was fluctuating upward trend on the whole.In the past 10 years,it has doubled,and water resources were in the state of ecological insecurity.The sustainable index of water resources showed a decreasing trend,and the degree of unsustainable utilization of water resources in Qingdao was increasing.According to the four evaluation indexes of sustainable utilization of water resources,the water resources in Qingdao are in the state of unsustainable utilization,and the water resources ecology is not safe.(3)The main problems of sustainable utilization of water resources in Qingdao are water shortage and serious ecological deficit,high external dependence on ecological security of water resources,intensified contradiction between supply and demand,and coexistence of pollution and waste.Accordingly,the following targeted measures are put forward.First of all,a variety of ways should be adopted to expand water sources,mainly to speed up and improve the construction of water diversion and water source projects,enhance the capacity of passenger water diversion,and increase the use of unconventional water,namely desalination and reclaimed water.Secondly,the efficiency of water resources utilization should be improved by developing water-saving agriculture,optimizing the comprehensive level of industrial water use and improving the efficiency of domestic water use.Finally,water resources allocation system should be optimized and water resources management and protection should be strengthened.